Is the Best Yet to Come

When the problem inside is detected and removed than the external environment can turn back Into stable stage of development. The consultants at McKinney & Company suggested to analyses the organization using 7 key elements: ; Structure ; Systems ; Style ; staff ; Skills ; Strategy ; Shared values. [Pl] Source: http://www. Middleton. Com/pages/article/newest_91 . HTML As model includes next items: ; Structure: shows the way organization Is structured and Interrelation of business units with each other.It indicates how employees interact with each other within the organization. ; Systems: the practices in which employees participate day-to-day, e. G. Organizational systems, financial systems etc. ; Style: description of the general way of conducting business within the company. Style is rather top-down image than bottom up concerning the top-management ruling the company and analyzing the attitude of deferent level employees on It. ; Staff: refers to the employees within personal deve lopment. ; Skills: refers to gained professional abilities of employees within the company. Strategy: the general plan of company's management to induct its business currently and in the future. Strategy usually is made by corporate level managers to analyze the internal and external environment of the company and respond to changing demand within its specific industry. ; Shared values: refers to the core values of the company, for what it is created and what mission it has in society. In addition there are also ethics principles serving as the guidelines for the company. Now we will analyze Struck based on McKinney As framework. 1 .Structure The general structure of Struck is very diversified and functional, basically including marketing, HER, CARS, Legal, and Finance etc. Figure 2. Struck' structure [pick] Source: http://MBA. Tuck. Dartmouth. Deed/PDF/2002-1-0023. PDF Generally speaking, the structure of Struck doesn't have strict hierarchy and is rather democratic. According to t he case, full-time and part-time employees regarded as ‘partners of the company, and every one of them is granted a stock option in proportion to their base pay. In 1991 each partner was granted stock options worth 12% of base pay, and this continued then each October every year.In general the organizational structure is build in order to avoid high turnover rate and reduce staff retention as much as possible. The motivation of employees is high, and Struck' turnover for store management is about 25%, compared to about 50% for other retail channels. 2. Systems Struck developed outstanding system techniques which helped sustain the leading position in the world among coffee-makers. Its unique system includes: ; Licenses stores and specialty sales licensing agreement, which managed market and distributing whole-bean and round coffees in grocery and mass-merchandise channels across the U.S. At the same time Struck controlled how customers would perceive Struck when they encounter ed it in grocery aisles. The company also created its own sales group that provided its coffee products to restaurants, airlines, hotels, universities, hospitals, business offices, country clubs and select retailers. ; Purchasing system Struck personnel traveled to coffee-producing countries to build relationships with growers and exporters, searching the sources that would meet its demands on quality and flavor.Because coffee industry depends a lot on weather conditions and different harvests, Struck set up fixed purchasing price to protect itself and get the bargaining power. ; Employee training Struck really believes that reducing the staff retention will help it to build strong brand, because the longer employees stay with the company, the more loyal customers the company will get. That's why employees were trained and educated about coffee market, and afterwards shared their knowledge with customers. Thus Struck has developed system to build brand loyalty among its customers.Th eir raining covered also practices as set forth in the company's operating manual, information systems, and the basis of managing people. 3. Style The managerial style of conducting business in Struck is characterized as oriented on leadership (trust, collaboration, people development, and ethics), creating the opportunities for employees further career development (employees provided with coaching and feedback) and educating style (company raised employees according to personal needs giving them coffee knowledge and expertise seminars).In general Struck is perceived as innovative, team-oriented and strong rand company. 4. Staff As long as Struck expanded internationally, company launched special hired high-motivated people who shared its love for coffee and had strong interest in it along with top-management. This has made Struck really unique and distinctive from its competitors company. In addition employees were guided by three principles: 1) maintain and enhance self-esteem 2) listen and acknowledge 3) ask for help.Thus employees became one of key figures to take part in company's decision and empowered by top-management. The whole total care of employees has rough Struck reputation of well-respected company and helped it generate high-profit to satisfy shareholders' needs. 5. Skills The workers of company are quite high skilful due to intensive training and recognition. Every partner/barista received at least 24 hours of training on coffee history, drinks preparation, customer service, coffee knowledge and so on.Customer service: we can see from the case that due to the employee coaching highly knowledgeable staff brought benefit to the company using friendly attitude to every customer, who wanted to come again and again to enjoy a cup of coffee in Struck. Customizing drink to customer specifications: workers were able to prepare grinding beans, steaming milk, learning to pull perfect cup of espresso, memorizing the recipes of different drinks – l ed to winning the prize among the target market. . Strategy Struck strategy was set up in order to build brand awareness, brand recognition, and brand association among its customers worldwide. Hence main strategies were implemented: A. Employee's loyalty strategy: core strategy to win employee loyalty and commitment to company's mission B. Store expansion strategy: choosing the best action in large cities and suburbia, creating best retail team in the coffee bar industry.World expansion has spread to Europe, China, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan by 2005 by choosing licensing rather than franchising to tight controlling over its operations. C. Coffee purchasing strategy: Struck relied mostly on direct suppliers from coffee-producing countries rather than on media-suppliers, that helped to reduce costs and make economies of scale D. JP and acquisitions strategy: partnering with famous brands as PepsiCo, Dryer's Grand Ice Cream Brands generated gross sales of over $8 million annually.P urchasing Ethos Water lead to expanding the line of beverages in the U. S. Overall operations has driven extremely high profit for Struck that achieved its strategic objectives. 7. Shared values Struck positions itself as contributing to the community and to the environment in which it operates. Along with care for employees, building trust and respecting techniques, it also set up one of the best valuable CARS strategy in the world, becoming an environmental leader in all facets of its business.For example using recycling material, avoiding genetically modified ingredients Struck has built a strong belief of customers in healthy products produced by the company. General As analysis shows that Struck doesn't have any gaps in every sector of McKinney model. The company has very good top-down and bottom-up strategies, ensuring well-being of top-managers, customers and employees. But this analysis is mostly suitable for internal analysis of a company that helps to understand problems, which might appear when industry environment starts to change.

Blood Brothers Essay

Within a Blood Brothers. Compare the role of the narrator in the Play Blood Brothers and consider how you Would present the narrator to an audience if you were the director. The dictionary definition of narrate – VT (a story) to tell, relate; to give an account of; (film, TV) to provide a spoken commentary for narration n – narrator n†¦ The tradition of narration came from the Greek chorus. Their were thirteen people in the chorus; all singing and dancing. The chorus which served as the narrator, asked probing questions, and also gave great advice to the heroes. If there was any violence it was merely narrated, and not presented for fear of offending the audience. The purpose of the narrator is to let the audience know what is going on. Narration is one of the most important components of a story. The characters, plot, setting, and theme are also significant; however the narrator sets the mood and also the pace of the story, as well as predicting what might happen when the narrator is omniscient. In Blood Brothers the narrator plays a variety of roles for example sometimes he is at a higher status than them and also is sometimes very negative. The original Greek narrator was in a chorus which consisted of thirteen people, in the play ‘Blood Brothers’ the narrator sang with the characters but he was much more involved and not separated, as the Greek chorus were. The Greek chorus usually stayed as part of the chorus or on the side of the stage. They knew everything about the characters and sometimes they could see into the future like in ‘Blood Brothers’ when the narrator was preparing the audience for what was going to come next in throughout the play. They usually spoke the beginning and end of the play. He narrated the beginning of the play to set the scene and at the end he was the last one to speak before they in ‘Blood Brothers’ case this was just after the twins died. In act 1 scene 1 the narrator is a storyteller. He also sounds, very negative in what he is saying as he says ‘ Brother parted from brother’ ‘Wrenched apart’ ‘A stone in the place of a heart’ which is negative. His mother gave him away because she didn’t think she would be able to cope and also because of money as well as her other seven children. I feel that the narrator is being very harsh because the way he says ‘A stone in the place of a heart’ but she knew that she might be able to cope with one more children but not with two as it’s only her to look after them. I don’t think its good that the narrator manipulates the characters minds as it is coming away from the tradition so I don’t think that’s a good idea because as soon as one thing changes they change everything. In this scene Act 1 scene 3 ‘the shoes the shoes†¦ ‘ ‘What’s wrong with them’ ‘on. On the table take them off†¦ take them off’ ‘oh god you never put new shoes on a table Miss Lyons. You never know what might happen. ‘ The narrator is forcing the idea of superstitions and it makes the audience wonder if it will have any effects, as it appears to. Eventually he is also trying to enforce that as she was not very well educated and believe in superstition like that but as the educated ones know more and are better off so they don’t believe in as much superstition as them. The narrator appears to be working in Mrs Lyons favour and against the mother. In act 1 scene 6 the narrator informs the audience he has also set up his plan on controlling the families, that the mother reminding the audience of the decision and is regretting giving her baby away, ‘ The debt’ makes it sound like it’s a business deal and is also a metaphor, ‘ Paid’ those words are both cold. The narrator is also blaming the mother for giving her child away. I think that it is her fault for giving her child but at the end of the day she knew she wouldn’t be able to cope with any more children so she had to do something. The narrator’s main role throughout the show is to act as a constant reminder to us of the brother’s tragic fate for example ‘Shoes upon the table’ which is repeated throughout both acts of the show. In Act 2 scene 1 the narrator makes this scene particularly eerie. The idea of the devil being there all the time indicates something terrible might happen. Here he is playing the part of the devil ‘there’s no use clutching at your rosary, the Devils in the back yard, he can see thought the gaps in the curtains he sees it all, there’s no use in hiding in the hall. When he raps at the knocker then he knows you’re in; No you wont no you’ll never get away from him. This raises an evil issue as he’s everywhere. The last two lines ‘No you won’t, No you’ll never get away from him. ‘ Is an eerie writing that is repeated for even more effect. From Act 2 scene 11 we notice from the first two lines that there is repetition. The only difference is of the back yard working – class garden middle class. ‘Devil in your bones getting into your ghostly running away from someone you can run hide but he’ll always find you when he rings at the chimes’ it builds up tension as he is saying that you will never get away from the devil even if you run hide he’ll always find you and is also showing the ghostly side of him, and again the idea of the negative within the play. From Act 4 Scene 1 we notice the narrator in a positive light as he comments ‘The summers never ever going to end’ ‘ The devil is hardly visible’. There is not much evidence of negative. The narrator also makes the audience happy which also makes the m unprepared for what is coming. In Act 4 scene 2 there is as difference as the social class has divided them because Mickey wanted to work but Eddie has a lot of money and doesn’t have to work which causes frustration for Mickey. Again the narrator hints at the idea that the social class division may lead to a negative outcome. In this scene (Act 4 scene 3) Mickey is offered a job from Eddie but refuses it and is sad because he cannot find one himself, the feels that he has lost the sense of pride. Again this gives the audience even more clue that because of this Mickey and Eddie will be torn apart even more. In Act 5 scene 1 Linda got Mickey and Eddie takes over his fathers business. Gradually throughout the play the narrator is not warning + predicting but gradually taking over the whole character by being within that character. If I was the director I would dress the narrator in black as that is a dark colour and also can represent the negativity in the play. But I would also dress him in a lighter colour like yellow to show the happier side of the narrator. I would make him dress in red to show the devil side of him or give him a red fork so show that there is also a devil with in him when he is manipulating the characters to do bad things or talking in a cold tone. I’d also consider putting him at a higher status I would make him stand on the balcony or on staging blocks as he seems to be controlling the families but I would also ask him to walk around so he would be in with the cast to show the equality in status at times. He would have a deep voice as many people see god as having a deep voice and as he is controlling the families and is a higher status and people see god to be in the sky. My narrator would appear at the beginning and at the end of the play. He would also appear to sing with the characters so he will be interacting with the characters. He would also be standing on the balcony at the side when he would be controlling the families I would also want him to interact with the characters as I want him walking around in between the characters when they are frozen and he is explaining to the audience what is happening. For the body language if I was showing the bad side of him I would make him stand in one place at a higher status staring down at the characters but if he’s in a good mood I want him walking around interacting with the characters. I would also give him a strong accent as many people perceive god to have a strong accent and a deep voice. He will also talk loud as that’s how many people see god. Conclusion The understanding of the narrator has helped me to analyse this dramatic technique by setting the scene, also explaining to the audience what is going on. I found it particularly useful to be able to compare the Blood Brothers narrator with the original Greek narrator and this produced me with even more understanding.

Low Inflation Rate Of Australia

Inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of commodities. Inflation is a major economic issue in Australia, and is one which requires stable management for durable and long-term improvements. Low inflation and steady economic growth; have emerged as outstanding economic achievements this decade. Along with unemployment, economic growth and external viability; inflation acts a major economic indicator, illustrating the strength and stability of our economy. It is for this reason that inflation management has played such a great role in domestic economic policy over the last decade. Inflation at present is the focal point of the Australian economy. Inflation is at an unprecedented low, which has acted to keep the Australian economy competitive. Economic policy in Australia has acted to keep inflation low, which has been a traditional problem for decades. At present Australia's, underlying inflation rate is less than 1. 3%, which has opened up a stronger, more competitive export market. With such a pleasing outcome for inflation, Australia can reap the rewards through lower interest rates as well as economic growth, and job increases. Low inflation does more than simply slow price increases; it acts as an expansionary booster to the economy and a stimulus for other economic objectives. In recent times, low inflation levels have characterised the Australian economy. The underlying inflation rate was only 1. 1% to June 1999, and this has meant further stability of prices and continued growth. This result has come on the back of Australia's â€Å"Inflation Target†, set by the Reserve Bank (RBA) in 1993. This has acted as a guide to spending and domestic monetary policy, over the course of the economic cycle. The RBA has set an underlying inflation target of 2-3% per year, and this has contributed to our steady inflation performance. In the late 1990s, Australia has operated at the lower level of this target, and this has pleased the government and the RBA through their initiative. Inflation figures of fewer than 2% annually are testament to this. Recent trends have given Australia one of lowest underlying inflation rates in the OECD group, which includes many highly industrialised nations. Over this century Australia, has seen both high and low inflation. In the 1950s, 1960s and early 1970s we experienced periods like today. Yet we faced high levels in the 1970s and 1980s. These were due to the great peaks and falls in the economic cycle, brought on by recessions and boom periods. The Australian economy has developed by adapting to changes in the economic cycle, and flattening out the large â€Å"bumps†. Causes of inflation are varied in both their diversity and severity. They include excess demand, where high aggregate demand for commodities forces prices upwards. There is also cost-push inflation, where an increase in the cost of production promotes an increase in the price of goods for consumers. Inflation can also be brought about through inflationary expectations, hence the quote â€Å"Inflation breeds inflation†, as well as currency depreciation, which also damages exports. The numerous causes of inflation give testament to the fact that it is a difficult problem to combat. Increased levels of inflation also cause many changes in the economy. There are essentially three main negative aspects of high inflation. It acts by reallocating resources in the economy, usually by encouraging speculative investment. It also causes redistribution of wealth from those who hold cash funds, as opposed to property or capital. Thirdly, it causes decreased levels of international competitiveness. Conversely, there are many positive aspects of low inflation. Australia has gained through lower interest rates, high but steady economic growth and the promise of job creation in the future. Low inflation has bred a more confident economy, one which is wiser for the adversity it has faced through recessions of the past. Low inflation creates a more externally viable economy, and allows competitive export growth. Australia's current low level of inflation can be attributed to an array of factors. These have included the lagging effects of the recession earlier this decade, as well as the implementation of a number of recent economic policies. Current low levels of inflation are the product, of three main policy initiatives. First and foremost, Monetary policy has helped our inflation by keeping spending in check. Through interest rates, and the adoption of an inflation target, the RBA has been able to artificially control the level of economic activity in Australia. Monetary policy has been a favoured government option, and it has proven a success. Secondly, micro-economic reform has played a major role in keeping inflation low. It is essentially based on efficiency and productivity in the Australian industries, where it has aimed to help firms lower costs, thereby creating a stable economy based upon strong and efficient production, healthy exports and generally more economically sound industries. This decade it has included moves for a national competition policy, deregulation of industries as well as general moves for efficiency. Fiscal policy is the third policy option. It surrounds government spending and taxation initiatives. In recent times it has acted in a contractionary manner, including budget surpluses and the repayment of foreign debt, which have allowed for more expansionary monetary policy. Some feel that currency policies aren't doing all they could. While drives for efficiency are a step in the right direction, it is clear that monetary policy could be eased to benefit other economic objectives. Being below the RBA target for inflation should allow Australia to lower interest rates. These could help economic growth and achieve greater job expansion. This could easily be achieved if the government would diversify its one-eyed monetary policy. The coalition must begin to realise that low inflation is coming at the expense of other, equally important economic objectives. While tight fiscal policy may be paying off foreign debt, we are still faced with high unemployment and unfavorable CAD terms. It is clear that while inflation is at a low level now, we must turn more attention to other pressing economic objectives. Inflation is a major economic management issue, and is one which requires great vigilance and perseverance for durable improvements. Though through the efforts of the RBA and the current government, inflation has fell to an unprecedented low, via much agony and policy deliberation. At present inflation has been brought back to earth through monetary and micro-economic policy essentially. Yet the pressing issue is not how far we can go with inflation, but how much can it's current level benefit our other major management issues.

Individualism and collectivism paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Individualism and collectivism paper - Essay Example Individualism represents a society in which individual relations are not strong and in which people are expected to fend for themselves. Individualism is the opposite of collectivism and taken together they form one of the dimensions of national cultures. Collectivism on the other hand connotes a form of society in which people from their childhood itself are integrated into strong cohesive groups; that protect them for the rest of their life in return for their unquestioning loyalty. Individualistic cultures like those obtaining in the USA and France exhibit a greater emphasis on individual goals and people mainly on themselves as individuals. People in individualistic cultures emphasize their successes and achievements in their career or in the acquisition of wealth. In the USA the spirit of competitiveness is at its zenith. Collectivistic cultures lay a greater emphasis on groups. In such cultures harmony and loyalty are deemed to be paramount (Individualism versus Collectivism). "Collectivism requires self - sacrifice, the subordination of one's interests to those of others" (Letters of Ayn Rand). The main consequence of individualism on self identity is the engendering of independence and individual achievement; promotion of self expression, individual thinking and personal choice.

Social Performances of Shell Company Research Paper

Social Performances of Shell Company - Research Paper Example Royal Dutch/Shell Group of Companies is one of the largest global groups of energy and petrochemicals companies with around 101,000 employees in more than  90 countries and territories. Shell is expanding rapidly to other countries and they have almost monopolized the global energy market with their huge financial capabilities and resources. Most of the Shell companies are operating independently in each of the countries by the people who know the needs of the community and the environment well. They have the authority and autonomy to make all normal business decisions. One of the major success factors of Shell Company is their respect to the community in which they operate. Unlike many other corporate giants, Shell is keen in spending a portion of their profit for the wellbeing of the society or community in which they operate. Moreover, they are giving more emphasis to the environment protection. Social performance is accepted as the core of their business strategy for sustainable development.Most of the big companies declare their corporate social responsibility and these declarations often lie on paper alone. On the other hand, Shell is not like that. They don’t have much belief in public declarations and they don’t like the publicity for their actions. They are normally done things with least publicity compared to other big companies. Shell company has reportedly paid approximately $36 billion in taxes and royalties from 2005-2008 to the Nigerian government which can be used to promote development, reduce poverty and support econ omic growth4. It is a well-known fact that Nigeria is a poor country which is struggling to find enough resources to eradicate poverty.  Ã‚  

The Republic of Mass Culture by James L. Baughman Essay

The Republic of Mass Culture by James L. Baughman - Essay Example Proceeding with an outline of the extent to which television impacted the operational parameters of both radio and print journalism, Baughman explains how and why this led to cooperation, rather than competition. As radio, film and print journalism found themselves confronted by television, a communications and entertainment medium which was drawing audiences away from them, they realized their inherent limitations for successful and effective competition. Quite simply stated, they could not compete with television. They, therefore, relied on a survival strategy which they had used in the past when faced with similar challenges: cooperation and imitation as opposed to competition. In brief, when newspapers were confronted with the challenged posed by radio, not only did they proceed to make significant changes to their content but they gave greater space to entertainment and pictures. Certainly, the gap between radio and newspaper remained but it gradually narrowed down in such a way as to allow the survival of the latter in face of the competition posed by the former. As Baughman explains through an in-depth historical analysis, this strategy was used vis--vis each new mass medium. The television, however, proved... As a survival strategy, however, this was simply not sufficient. Print journalism and radio could hardly compete with television but what they did do was define the mass media market itself and proceed to identify the different segments and sub-segments wherein, following which the engaged in the identification of their target audience and the design of content to meet the tastes of the target segments. The mass media evolved into an industry which relied on market studies and marketing in order, not just to survive but, to prosper and grow. The mass media industry began to borrow and implement the tools and strategies traditionally associated with other industries. Hence, marketing and PR departments evolved. Even as regards newspapers whose primary purpose is to report the news, irrespective of whether the public will find it enjoyable' and interesting, or not, content was influenced by marketing research. As Baughman argues, "market forces, or, more accurately, a perception of the market"1 shaped the content of mass media and influenced the evolution of novel trends therein. As he explains the extent to which the mass media made the transition from an information communications medium, whose content was primarily determined by developing news and events, to an almost wholly entertainment based channel of popular communication, whose content is determined by market studies, Baughman presents a controversial thesis. We are not, as seems to be the popular opinion, living in the Information Age but in an age where, despite the abundance of media channels and types, information is superficial and geared towards entertainment. The public, the market, is dictating the information to be conveyed and, within the context of the

Essential Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Essential Questions - Essay Example This is done by imparting and acquiring knowledge necessary to eliminate illiteracy and generally changing the mindset. Although in the modern day education is mainly advanced in formal settings such as schools, it can also be done in informal settings. In fact, the first education steps take place in informal settings and in a sub conscious situation from birth. According to Dewey, the sub conscious education from birth is responsible for shaping traits and arousing feelings and emotions in individuals (Dewey, p.1). This implies that education plays an important role in shaping people’s habits and general behavior. This corresponds with the main purpose of education of nurturing growth and general development essential in improving life status in entirety. Fulfilling education purposes requires an outline of appropriate strategies that integrate together to create the desired objective. These strategies stipulate the constituents of education and they tend to lie more on formal education. This is because informal education is seemingly uncontrollable since it entails everyday experiences some that may be adopted sub consciously. As such, determination of what education should entail lies more on improving efficiency and outcome of formal education. This implies that the main focus is on teachers critically examining their techniques and expertise in the teaching practice. This is because teaching techniques specific to the students in play are an appropriate way of advancing education (Ball and Forzani, 2009, p.6). However, other seemingly external factors such as government policies also have influence on education. Nonetheless, the best outcome from formal education has been coupled with student interests (Counts, p.2). This simply means making the learning process student friendly and parallel to some of the acceptable interests. Basically, education should

Different representations of constituents of significant plot points Essay

Different representations of constituents of significant plot points in the moral choices as centre stage in the Stagecoach and The Player films - Essay Example These different films present moral choices in very different ways. For example, in the Stagecoach and The Player films, moral choices are at the centre stage in the development of their plots. However, the constituents of their significant plots and the moral choices are represented differently. This paper discusses the way these constituents and the moral choices are represented differently in these two films. The Player (1992) is an American film that belongs to a satirical genre and directed by Altman Robert. The film is based on Michael Tolkin’s screen play based on his 1988 novel by the name The Player. The film recounts a chilling story of Hollywood studio executive who kills a screenwriter after suspecting that he could be the one sending him death threats. The film’s plot is strewn with a series of instances when characters are required to make moral choices. Stagecoach (1939) is adapted by John Ford from Ernest Haycox’s short story ‘the stage to Lordsburg.† The story recounts a journey of strangers riding on a Stagecoach that passes via a precarious apache territory in New Mexico. Among the strangers are a prostitute called Dallas who is being driven from the town by members of the law and order league, an alcoholic doctor alongside a pregnant woman traveling to see her cavalry officer husband and a whiskey salesman. In their dangerous escapade to L ordsburg, the travelers contend with situations where moral choice is inevitable. In the film The Player, Griffin Mill had to make a quick moral choice when his life was threatened. He searched the person who was putting his life at danger to kill him. While they were fighting, he lost the game and decided to kill David Kahane, and he succeeded and got away with it. In the start of the film Stagecoach, Lucy Mallory is boarding a Stagecoach alongside a prostitute Dallas and an alcoholic doctor Doc Boone. She is warned by her friends not to travel along the two evil people. She had to make a moral choice to sacrifice her love for her husband or to avoid being associated with ‘those creatures.’ Lucy was heavily pregnant to take such a risk and was advised by Curley not to take the trip in her status, but she insisted that if her husband is in danger, she wanted to be with him, and it was as she resolved. These two scenes are different in the way each presents moral choice concept (Dudley 51), but they function to kick start significant plots in the two films. In The Player, Griffin Mill, when he was threatened by a rattle snake realized that he was attracted to June, the girlfriend to David Kahane, whom he killed. He had to make a choice to take her and have David’s thoughts haunting him or go against his pleasure pressures and betray his passions. On the other hand, June was aware that Griffin Mill was a chief suspect for having killed her former boyfriend, David Kahane; but she was in love with him and had to make a moral choice to marry a suspect murderer to her boyfriend or stay without a boyfriend and a husband. In a similar plot scene in the film Stagecoach, Dallas was also in a situation to make a moral choice when Ringo proposed to marry her. She was to choose to risk marrying him, or refuse in fear of her checkered past as a prostitute. In the following morning, Ringo had to choice to give up his revenge for plummers and marry Dallas or lose Dallas and avenge by fighting plummers. Both scenes serve to develop a plot in which moral choices are at the centre of the characters, but in a very different way. Moreover, at one point, Bonnie in the film The

Research Paper for Othello Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

For Othello - Research Paper Example Jealousy, that is roused by suspicion and wounded pride, which could be reactions to prejudice, makes Othello the most celebrated text that explores the powers of these debilitating factors even over someone who is considered a hero (Collie 88-9). Shakespeare’s Othello is one of the earliest texts that depict racism against blacks (Iyasere, Iyasere, and Little 326). Normally, especially during Shakespearian days, the whites are the natural protagonists while the blacks are usually portrayed as antagonists. This depiction of a hero is unusual because Othello is shown as troubled with bitterness, delusions, and self-importance (Vaughn 180). He is a dignified, brilliant, heroic, and important figure in the Venetian army, yet despite this prominent status, his own insecurities make him prey to the selfish motives of Iago, the play’s villain (Jacobsen 502). The tragic part here is that no matter how great his status is, and no matter how admired he is by the people of Venice , the war strategies that make him win several battles do not win for him his battle at home, which ultimately resulted in the tragic end of Othello and his beloved Desdemona. Iago sees Othello’s jealousy for his wife Desdemona and decides to use it to his own advantage. He is able to manipulate Othello easily, even when Iago never once presented strong evidence about Desdemona’s infidelity. In fairness to Othello, the ideas that Iago convinces him of are very likely to happen, therefore, easy to believe (Jacobsen 503-4). However, if he knows his wife Desdemona well, it is also easy to see that these accusations are not only improbable, but ridiculous as well. In a scene in the play, Iago exclaims â€Å"Ha! I like not that.† (3.3.33) and â€Å"Cassio, my lord? No, sure, I cannot think it, That he would steal away so guilty-like, Seeing you coming.† (3.3.37-9). Here, it is obvious that Iago, lacking any solid proof, tries to plant ideas in Othello’s mind through manipulation. Iago acts like he is unwilling to confess the sordid details of the scene between Desdemona and Cassio, yet all the while uses a suggestive tone and drops hints that Desdemona is having an illicit affair with Cassio. This causes Othello to demand for more details, making it appear that he is dragging information out of Iago, while the truth is that Iago leads him into that trap of suspicion. This skillful manipulation ignites jealousy in Othello that is roused by the suspicion that Iago successfully implants in his head. These suspicions that rouse his jealousy cause constant speculations by different critics. Othello’s self-loathing is one popular idea. For example, making their marriage private instead of public could mean that he does not believe he is good enough for Desdemona (Vaughn 180). Othello is also portrayed as filled with contradicting characteristics. He promotes Cassio (1.1.18-21) but shows more trust to Iago; he kills his wife Desde mona (5.2.137-8) despite professing his overwhelming love and passion for her; he also kills himself (5.2.376-7) instead of facing the consequences of his crime despite being noted for his courage and dignity. His insecurity makes him gullible to Iago’s manipulations. It can be said that even without Iago’s exploitations of his insecurities, Othello would still be susceptible to suspicions one way or another (Vaughn 181). Despites his great accomplishments and elevated status in the society,

Feminist Therapy and Post-modern Approaches Essay Example for Free

Feminist Therapy and Post-modern Approaches Essay Feminist therapy (FT) arose in the 1960s as a result of women’s increasing awareness that discrimination resides in the way traditional psychology views female mental health. It was an attempt to enhance women’s autonomy and it was based on the integration of psychology and feminist theory. According to this theory, women form their identity through a perspective of constantly providing care for others at the expense of their own free will and initiative. This view represents the traditional gender role, which is not biologically determined but rather socially derived. FT emphasizes the principle of equality in all aspects’ of human experience. Its major tenet is that psychological difficulties arise from political and social causes, namely discriminative attitudes not only towards females but also towards ethnic, cultural, religious and sexual minorities (Landrine, 1995 Worell, 1997). FT attempts to provide care through a novel perspective which respects the patient’s wishes and needs instead of rigidly meeting societal expectations according to existing racial and sexist stereotypes. The client holds a central place in the treatment setting, and is encouraged to take initiative and guide the therapeutic process. The therapist is not viewed as an authority but as an equal partner, whose task is to educate and empower the patient. Therapists aim at demystifying the process of therapy in order to enhance clients’ sense of power and self-efficacy. In addition, they are particularly careful at avoiding power display in the therapy setting and may frequently use self-disclosure to restore equality and reciprocity in the therapeutic relationship (Worell, 1997). FT supports the idea that the client knows better than anyone what is best for him/her. Its main aim is to increase people’s awareness of internalized stereotypes and replace them with more realistic beliefs, to elaborate on issues of control and power and how they affect human experience and to enhance independent decision-making. Apart from gaining self-awareness and free choice, clients are also encouraged to actively participate in political and social groups, given that personal experiences are considered deeply political and personal evolution can arise only through social change (Landrine, 1995 Worell, 1997). The vast majority of feminist therapists and clients are women. However, it is a theory that hopes to address issues concerning both genders, ignoring any societal and cultural bias. The principles of FT are fruitfully applied in the field of physical and sexual abuse, eating disorders, body image distortions and issues of somatic health and reproduction. Commonly used techniques include gender-role analysis and intervention, power analysis and intervention, bibliotherapy, assertiveness training and self-disclosure (Landrine 1995, Worell, 1997). FT has provided new insights on managing mental health issues through a social and cultural perspective. It has fought prejudice in the practice of psychology, by adopting an egalitarian approach, regardless of gender, race, religious affiliation or sexual orientation and it has focused on the clients’ individual needs, strengths and wishes. The therapeutic context enhances collaboration and reciprocity and individuals are encouraged to become active members of their society in order to produce change. However, when placing too much value on cultural and social causes of mental disorders, there is the risk of ignoring the significance of personal factors and intrapsychic phenomena. When all psychological difficulties are considered to stem from the abuse of power and the effect of social prejudice and discrimination, then the individual fails to assume responsibility for his/her experience. In this way, true personal evolution may be sacrificed for the sake of social activism. In addition, the collaborative nature of the therapeutic process and the misuse of self-disclosure by feminist therapists may abolish professional and ethical boundaries and further damage the clients’ fragile psyche. Finally, this approach may prove extremely frustrating for people and cultures that place great emphasis on traditional societal roles. Post-modern Approaches Post-modern Approaches (PMA) evolved through the influence of post-modernism on the theory and practice of psychotherapy. Traditionally, philosophy and science have been dedicated to the conquest of the absolute truth. Post-modernism suggests that there is no such thing as objectivity and reality is constructed through language. In this view, mental illness is considered a social construct, originating from the dominating societal tendency to dichotomize and label all aspects of human experience (Boston, 2000). PMA, which include Solution-Focused Therapy, Narrative Therapy, and Social Constructionism, are client-centered. The therapist’s role is not to provide authority-driven solutions but to help the client develop a new communication and new interpretation of his/her experience. Contrary to traditional psychotherapeutic views, they do not focus on symptoms and their historical context but on the present and on clients’ strengths and wishes. Post-modern theories place great value on language as a way of creating reality and consequently as a tool to produce change (Boston, 2000 Walker, 2006). For example, in Solution-Focused Therapy, clients are encouraged to discuss goals for change and means by which this change can be achieved (Gingerich, 2000 Lethem, 2002). Likewise, in Narrative Therapy the explicit description of the presenting problem allows the client to see his/her difficulties as a matter of personal and societal interpretation, distinct from his self-identity, thus contributing to the formulation of a less dysfunctional narrative (Boston, 2000). Post-modern Therapy is based on the individual’s existing strengths and resources. It frequently uses the technique of exceptions by urging clients to contemplate on paradigms where their difficulties were not so prominent. In this way, it empowers clients and provides them with a glance to future change. Another common technique is coping questioning which reveals effective coping strategies already used by the client, when faced with his/her current problems. Problem-free discussion is also used to address non-problematic domains of the client’s experience and enhance his/her sense of self-efficacy and confidence (Gingerich, 2000 Lethem, 2002). PMA have been successfully used in eating disorders, substance abuse and relationships problems. Psychiatric patients, couples, youth and criminal offenders have benefit from their application. Their techniques, which focus on the person and not the diagnostic label, may enhance the therapeutic alliance and the development of empathy, both associated with better therapy outcomes (Lethem, 2002). Social Constructionism which suggests that mental illness is a social construct, a product of medical terminology, has contributed to fighting discrimination and stigma. However, it entails the risk of devaluating all achievements in the field of psychiatric research. In addition, the abolishment of the therapist’s authority may for some individuals produce a sense of insecurity and confusion. Finally, another major disadvantage is that the efficacy of Post-modern Therapy is hard to be scientifically evaluated. Both FT and PMA have challenged traditional views including the classical Christian axioms (Arlandson, 2010). Nevertheless, their emphasis on equality, empowerment hope and motivation for change, seems to be in agreement with the spirit of the Bible’s teachings. To my opinion, counsellors should take into consideration their clients’ needs, strengths and aspirations as both FT and PMA dictate. To be effective, the counselling process must focus on the present and the future instead of trying to unravel mysteries of the distal past. Although most clients come to therapy with certain difficulties, a significant therapeutic force regardless of the counsellor’s theoretical background is the development of an empathetic alliance which can provide a sense of self-efficacy to the client and hope for the future. References Landrine, H. (1995). Bringing cultural diversity to feminist psychology: Theory, research, and practice. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Worell, J. , Johnson, N. G. (Eds. ). (1997). Shaping the future of feminist psychology: Education, research, and practice. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Boston, P. (2000). Systemic family therapy and the influence of post-modernism. Advances in psychiatric treatment, 6, 450-457. Walker, M. T. (2006). The Social Construction of Mental Illness and its Implications for the Recovery Model. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation. 10 (1), 71-87 Lethem, J (2002). Brief Solution Focused Therapy. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 7(4), 189-192. Gingerich, W. J. Eisengart, S, (2000). Solution-Focused Brief Therapy: A Review of the Outcome Research. Family Process, 39(4), 477-498. Arlandson, J. (2010). Postmodernism and the Bible: Introduction. The American Thinker, 2010.

Disney Animation And Child Development

Disney Animation And Child Development Disney animated films captivate the imagination of an abundance of people with mesmerizing music, charismatic characters, and vivid visuals. My grandmother, who had lived in poverty through most of her childhood, loved the Disney animated films as a child, because they were an escape from reality and gave her the hope of a better future. Because Disney animation played an important role in my grandmothers childhood, she replicated these memories with her children and grandchildren through watching Walt Disney animated films. Although I was too young to remember my first experiences with the Disney animated films, the first experience Disney animated film that I can draw from memory is the, The Little Mermaid. As a child, I fell in love with the appealing characters and the enchanting music from the movie. The protagonist Ariel was engaging to me as a child because she was curious and yearned to learn about a world enigmatic to hers. The animation of The Little Mermaid is vibrant and displays captivating soundtrack. The plot consists of a mermaid who is fascinated with the human world and finds herself in love with Prince Eric whom she saves from shipwreck. Ariels father, King Triton, is very protective of his daughter and is concerned about her curiosity for the human world. In order to be with the one she loves, Ariel turns to the sea witch, Ursula, who casts a spell upon her to become human. The conditions for Ariel to remain a human are that she must get a true loves kiss from Prince Eric within three days, and that if she does not, she will forever be unable to use her voice again. In the end, Prince Eric is tricked into falling in love with Ursula and Ariel must to fight off Ursula in order to save the kingdom and those she loves. King Triton apologizes for being too protective of Ariel and allows her to live happily ever after with Prince Eric. Disneys The Little Mermaid plot contains friendships, curiosity, consequences from rashness, persistence, and the dangers of being overprotective. Today, Disney animation plays an active role in my life because the movies are relative to loving ones family, embracing creativity and curiosity, and an inspiration. Disney animated films have given me countless memories that I cherish with both friends and family. I want to pass on the same happy memories I had with my grandmother by making a special time to watch Disneys movies with my younger family members. Recently, my three-year-old cousin Addy and I watched Disney-Pixars Brave. Towards end where the protagonist, Merida, hugs both of her parents, Addy asked me if the princess loves her mommy and daddy? I told her yes, of course she does! She replied I love my mommy and daddy too! Although my cousin may never remember that moment, its a moment that I will always remember. Walt Disney Animated Studios embraces positive childhood development through their films. The Disney animated movies focus on a variety of topics that can inspire children to question, love and imagine. Although these films may be viewed only as entertainment to some people, to others it is a useful tool to educate children about supplemental life lessons through an engaging medium. Disney animated films focuses on inspiring children to be inquisitive, as questioning and wonder is essential in the learning process. Disney implements the idea of being analytical and curious through characters that are naturally inquisitive with a strong desire to learn. For example, Belle from Beauty and the Beast, is a girl with an investigative personality and whose hobby is reading. Another character is Alice from Alice in Wonderland who falls down a rabbit hole and lands in a world that only becomes curious and curiouser the longer she is in Wonderland. Examples of Disneys implementation of creati vity are through audio-visual effects in the 1940 film Fantasia. Fantasias core idea throughout the film is to encourage one to use their imagination to create simple music, shapes, and colors to then become a wonderfully complex story inspired by orchestrated music. Creativity plays a key role in the Disney movie Meet the Robinsons. Lewis, young inventor, uses his imagination, creativity, curiosity, and dedication of achieving his goal of in becoming a successful inventor. Another attribute Disney animated studios incorporates into their storylines is the importance of loving one another. Teaching young children the significant and diverse meanings of love is essential in a childs development. Many Disney animated films teach the significance of loving ones friends, families, and community. Whether it is love for a friend, or love for ones dreams and wishes, love plays an essential role in each of Disneys animated movies. Examples of different forms of love include the 1940 film, Pinocchio. Pinocchio is puppet who is loved by his creator, Geppetto. A fairy magically turns Pinocchio into a real boy and Geppetto loves Pinocchio like his own son. In The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh, Winnie the Pooh loves all of his friends in the One-Hundred Acres Wood and they all work together with the challenges they face. In Pocahontas, the Native American princess makes the decision to be with her love John Smith, and tries to protect her community from fightin g the English invaders and to come to peaceful terms. The Princess and the Frog is a story about loving and embracing ones dreams in life. Tiana, the main character, wishes to fulfill her and her late fathers dream of owning a restaurant and works hard to make her dreams come true. Although Disney animation promotes healthy child development and essential skills required for learning and growing, there are some who believe the films may play a negative role in a childs development. Those critics typically believe that Disney movies are too unrealistic and have plots which center on anti-feminism, promoting materialism and foster laziness. As Walt Disney had once said, All cartoon characters and fables must be exaggeration, caricatures. It is the very nature of fantasy and fable. For one to expect realism in a childs story is unrealistic within itself. Many of the Disney animated films are adaptations of stories from folk tales and other forms of previous literature. The Grimm Brothers first written down the folk stories of Snow White, Cinderella, and Sleeping Beauty, and The Little Mermaid is an adaptation of the story by Hans Christian Anderson. Therefore, many of the plots behind popular Disney stories are not created by Disney, but are instead Disney animate d studios own interpretations of these stories that are more family orientated than the original stories themselves. Some feminists argue that the Disney princesses set an unrealistic goal of how women should behave and look. They also believe that it teaches young girls that a Prince Charming figure exists. However, many Disney princesses do have character traits outside the traditional, stereotypical female role. In Disneys animated film, Mulan, Mulan breaks away from the traditional customs of her culture of becoming a stereotypical Chinese wife that serves her husband, and instead disguises herself as a male soldier to protect her father and fight for her country. Mulan does fall in love in the movie with Captain Li Shang, who she originally detests. However, the film illustrates that Li Shang is not flawless. Although some soldiers joke around with Li Shang by calling him a pretty boy, Li Shang proves that he is inquisitive, a good leader, and logical. Some believe that the Dis ney princess films contain unrealistic expectations of beauty, and insists that the Disney princesses have a damaging impact on a girls expectations and self-esteem. However, they are not taking into consideration of the importance of the viewers age. Many toddlers and young children still do not have the cognitive ability to grasp the concept of an animated character to be setting the standards of beauty. Then once they are old enough to understand that society has already placed a standard for beauty, they are also old enough to understand that the princesses are animated characters and are not real expectations for living people. Some also argue that Disney animated films encourage children to be materialistic. However, while Disney does sell a multitude of products, it is not the corporations responsibility to parent children. It is instead the sole responsibility of a childs parents to teach against materialism. Thirdly, the idea that Disney animated films promotes the unrealistic dream of lifes problems magically disappearing and that working hard can be avoided is untrue. Many of the Disney animated characters work hard in the stories. Although Cinderella had a Fairy Godmother assist her in escaping from her evil stepmother and step-sisters, one can translate that into a real world scenario that works hard in life, and had a lucky break with someone being able to help them achieve a better life. In the animated film, The Princess and the Frog, Tiana must works hard to make a living and saves money to open up a restaurant she has always wanted. Disney animated films had inspired me during my childhood years to express my creativity and imagination. Disney animated films encourage children to be curious, imaginative and creative, as well as encourage children to love in a variety of ways to promote healthy childhood development. Many of the Disney animated films are adaptations from folk and fairy tales, as well as other novels throughout literary history. Although some may not support children viewing Disney animated films due to their own interpretations of the films and what they believe the films portray, it is ultimately the parents role to teach their children important life lessons and how to interpret the movies. It is only the Disney Animation Studios to entertain both children and adults; their films do promote a multitude of encouraging messages that can translate a child to incorporate being imaginative, curious, and loving into their own lives. In conclusion, Disney animated films promote healthy childhood devel opment. Parents and educators should properly incorporate these films for home entertainment and for education through encouraging children to use their creativity and focusing on the morals of the story. Work Cited Walt Disney Quotes. Walt Disney Quotes. Just Disney, Web. 22 Jan. 2013.

Introduction to Statutory Interpretation

Introduction to Statutory Interpretation Statutory Interpretation Abstract: The means of interpreting the Acts of Parliament by judges is called statutory interpretation. Common Law: Is a law formulated by judges with the aid of conclusions of a court to follow the aid of a legislative process by the executive branch. The legal system of a common law states that, it is a partiality to handle likewise facts or matters distinctively on a distinctive occasions. Literal Rule: Is a rule that is frequently utilized by orthodox Judges. Hence, the Literal Rule is an obligational project given to the court to give a literal meaning to a statutes irrespective of the outcome of being sensitive or not. Golden Rule: Also known as the British rule is applied when a literal rule develop a solution that is different from the parliament intension. It is used when literal rule turns out to absurdity. Mischief Rule: Is the process of discovering the meaning of what parliament meant by a certain statutes Table of Contents. Introduction of statutory interpretation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P.4 Extrinsic aids to statutory interpretations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ P.4 Interpretation acts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ P. 5 Common law†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ P.5 The three basic rules in statutory interpretations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦P. 6 Literal rule†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ P. 6 Advantages of literal rule†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P.6 Disadvantages of literal rule†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P. 6 Malaysian cases using the literal rule†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P.7 English cases using the literal rule†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ p. 8 The golden rule†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. p. 9 Advantages of the golden rule†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P. 9 Disadvantages of the golden rule†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P.9 Malaysian cases using the golden rule†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. p. 9 English cases using the golden rule†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. p 10 The mischief rule†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. p 12 Advantages of the mischief rule†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ p 12 Disadvantages of the mischief rule †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. p. 12 Malaysian cases using the mischief rule†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P 13 English cases using the mischief rule†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. p 14 Conclusions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ p 15 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ p 16 Appendices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ p. 17 Introduction of Statutory Interpretation. A Statutory Interpretation is best described as the capability of a court or Judges to translate the Acts of Parliament. It is a means of giving an explanation to the meaning of a piece of legislation. In other words, the means of utilizing statutory laws where by Judges tried to discover the purpose of parliament putting laws in action is also known as Statutory Interpretation. A statute might be clearly revealed in terms of meaning but they are mostly made up of ambiguities and vague words which are expected to be settled by the judges. According to Lord Hailsham, a senior English Judge, â€Å"probably 9 out of 10 cases heard by the Court of Appeal and the House of Lords turn upon or involve the meaning of words contained in statute or secondarylegislation†. This means that many cases go to appeal at a point of interpretation. Also, cases go to appeal at a point of interpretation because, laws are NOT â€Å"drafted in general terms†. Laws are supposed to be drafted in general terms and should be conducted with both present and future situations. Extrinsic Aids to Statutory Interpretation Extrinsic aids are useful information data’s which are not part of a statutes but are helpful to Judges in other to create more understanding on the statute. They are materials which make a statute more visible for interpretation. Parliamentary debates are on one of the types of extrinsic material used. There is a government team with two people. The first one would be the political party introducing the Act of parliament and the second would be the opposition’s team also with two members. It is the government’s job uphold or supports the topic of the debates or also called the motion. The government team will discuss a problem and has a specific proposal for a change concerning that problems for seven minutes. It is a difficult task for opposition teams to play ‘devil’s advocate’ so to speak the opposition the team tries to find imperfection in the government’s arguments for eight minutes. Then the government team responds to the oppositions arguments trying to make firm their own position for eight minutes. The opposition teams moves in the same manner for eight minutes. The opposition reach a conclusion with a rebuttal speech. Conclusively, the government will then w ith their own rebuttal speech. Furthermore, Notes of the legislation: Both the parliament and legislative Assemblies have the power to enact laws according to their respective centers. A law that is established or introduced by a state Assembly will only affect the state. A law which is enacted by the parliament can be extended to the whole nation. Also, an organization which aim on the systematic development, review, and reform laws acted in a specific jurisdiction is known as a Law Reform Commission. Conclusively, a document which is printed or issued at a time with a bill is known as an explanatory memorandum. The main objective of that document is to give meaning to the aims and operations of the statutes in the statutory interpretation. Interpretation Act: Interpretation Act state that, in any Act, without the purpose appearing to be opposite, expressions selected to be in Schedule 1 of an Act most be interpreted in accordance with that Schedule. Common Law: Common Law or Case Law is a law originated or formulated by judges with the aid of conclusions of a court and likewise tribunals, as fought to a statutes which follow the aid of a legislative process published by the executive branch. Common law help to draw matters into conclusion where two or more groups disagree with a certain law by looking forward into past case laws that are applicable. The Three Basic Rules in Statutory Interpretation. The three basic rules enforced for statutory interpretation by judges in England, are: The literal rule The Golden rule and The Mischief rule. The Literal Rule: The literal rule is made up of both the ordinary and the plain meaning rules. A literal rule is a rule that is frequently utilized by orthodox Judges. Orthodox Judges are the Judges whom think or believe that their constitutional role is limited to apply a law enacted by the parliament. Hence, the Literal Rule is an obligational project given to the court to give a literal meaning to a statutes irrespective of the outcome of being sensitive or not. Advantages of Literal Rule. The characteristics of the literal rule is that law must be equally certain and knowable. The rule demands that citizens are to be notified earlier about the legal effects behind a statutes. The selected Parliament should be the one to enact a new law as well as to secure the will of the elected legislators. Disadvantages of Literal Rule. During language interpretation, statutes which were having clear meaning can have more than one meaning. Words or phrases in a statutes are reasonably open to different meaning. Example, 12:00 might either be AM or PM. No matter how absurd the component of a statutes or an Act may be, one must comply with it. Malaysia case using Literal Rule: HOYA HOLDING SDN. BHD. V. CHIA THIN HING ANOR HIGH COURT MALAYA, TAIPING DATO’ HJ. ABDUL MALIK B. HJ. ISHAK J. Contract: Sale and purchase agreement of a dwelling apartment. Conditions of agreement: Connections of Electricity and water supply to the apartment. Delivery of vacant possession of house to the purchaser. In this case there was a dispute with regards to clause 20 of the sale and purchase agreements dated 1st August 1919 Clause 20 of the standard sale and purchase agreement reads as follows; 20(1). This building should be completed by the vendor along with connections of water and electricity supply together with the vacant possessions, all must be handed over to the purchaser within two years interval regard the date of this written agreement. Furthermore, if the vendor happens not to comply with this agreement as said, with the necessary requirements. He must pay immediately to the purchaser liquidated damages day after day with an interest rate of 10% annually of the purchased amount. Judgment. Dato’ Hj. Abdul Malik b. Hj. Ishak J: An urgent request which opposed the opinion of the learned Magistrate Court, Taiping Perak where by the appellant were commanded to pay RM1, 431.51 together with 8% annual interest from May 26, 1993 until a contentment period of the respondent. English (UK) case using Literal Rule: FISHER v. BELL QUEENS BENCH DIVISION. Hearing date: 10, Nov 1960. Headnote: A man that own a shop displayed a knife by the window of his shop with a price ticket behind it. He was charged for sale of a flick knife, which is contrary to s. 1(1). Held: According to the meaning of s.1(1) of the Act 1959, the shopkeeper was not guilty of what he was charged. This is because demonstrating a flick knife at the shop is an invitation to treat and not for sale. JUDGMENT BY-1: LORD PARKER, C.J. A chief inspector of police charged against a respondent that he unlawfully offer for sale a knife which is, contrary to s.1 of the Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act, 1959. Lord Parker C.J. anyone, who; manufacture, sell, hire, lends or give to another person a knife that has blade which automatically opens by the pressure applied to a button or springs shall be guilty. The Golden Rule: The golden rule which is also known as the British rule is applied when a literal rule develop a solution that is different from the parliament intension or that avoid the parliament intension instead. The golden rule is exceptional to the literal rule because it is used when literal rule turns out to absurdity in other to alter the grammatical and ordinary senses. Advantages of the Golden Rule. Golden rule honors parliament decision. It always permit Judges to select the most accurate meaning among many in a statutes. It supply sensible conclusions on cases which the literal rule cannot handle. Disadvantages of the Golden Rule. The rule has no guidelines that governs it. It is not widely known, hence it used on rare cases/occasion A Judge might found a statute in absurdity but it might not be for another Judge. Malaysia case using Golden Rule: Re An Advocate [1964] MLJ 1 Facts: The accused is a recommended advocate in the state of Sarawak who happened to go to Kuching for his normal activities. He took along with himself female clothes in which he did make his advertisement. He used his own name and also his hotel room to help upgrade the company business. He could be struck out from the role of advocates if his conduct fell within the section 12(g) of the Advocate Ordinance or suspended. This is so because; the section 12(g) of Advocate Ordinance of Sarawak says anyone who by any means suspended or ruled out from practicing the advocate role by any judge in respect of the law binding the section 12(g) of the Advocate Ordinance. English (UK) case using the Golden Rule: COURT OF APPEALS OF MISSISSIPPI. Karen Elissa Pearson Gray, Appellant v. Doyle Gene Pearson, Appellee. Karen Gray appeals a judgment on her former husband’s petition to modify child support and her counter for contempt. Facts Benji and Michael Pearson were born into the family of Doyle Pearson by Karen Pearson during their marital union. Benji and Michael were twelve (12) and six (6) years of age respectively when the both parents divorced. The court dictated that Doyle should pay a child supports for his children and prescribed him to pay Benji college fees as well. He was ordered to pay $800 per month for the child supports. When Benji turned 21 during his college education, Doyle stopped to pay his college fees because he assumed Benji is no longer a child. He only continues with the child support fees and shortly three months after his 21st birthday, Doyle reduced the child support amount to $400 as advised by his attorney. In addition, he paid NO child support from February 2000 to June 2000. Karen then, counter-petitioned to alleged Doyle that he lack respect for his failure to pay child support in respect of his modification petition. Furthermore, Doyle fails to pay Benji’s college fees and also fails to abide with the terms of the divorce agreement. According to the Chancellor, after trial, Doyle was not caused by law to pay $800 for the child support continuously forever. Hence the amount of the child support was cut down from $800 to $600 to be effective from the date of Benji’s 21st birthday. The chancellor also said, Doyle was contempt to have reduced the child support amount from $800 $400. The Mischief Rule The process of discovering the meaning of what parliament meant by a certain statutes is known as Mischief Rule. In other words, it is a nature or a related method of translating a statutes in order to discover the wrongs, mischief to which the stature endeavored to amend. In addition, it demands the adoption of interpretation that is made to correct the weakness or defect of an Acts passed in law. Steps to Interpret a Statute in Mischief Rule: Consider what the law was before the Act was passed Identify what was wrong with that law Decide how Parliament intended to improve the law through the statute in question Apply that finding to the case before the court Advantages of the Mischief Rule. Mischief encourage flexibility in the law It prevent absurdity and unfair outcome. It brought development to the society. Disadvantages of the Mischief Rule. It only allow Judges to re-write statutes that is supported by the parliament. It cannot be remedied else, the mischief if detected. It never preserve Parliament supremacy. Malaysia case using Mischief Rule: Lim Moh Joo v. P.P [1970] 2 MLJ 113 Criminal Appeal Decide – date- 1 16th May, 1970†¦ Wan Suleiman J. Catch Words: Criminal Law and Procedure – Medical report of alleged assault. Medical reports were presented before the court without prove and on the absent of the laboratory specialist who conducted the test. In addition, the defendant were to be given a copy of the medical report for not less than 10 days before the trial day in respect to the Criminal Procedure Code (Cap6), ss 380 and 399. Headnote The complainant produced two medical evidence against the appellant without prove and without the consultant who conducted the medical report. The appellant do not have a copy of the medical certificate that he was accused of till the day of the trail. Held: According the law binding the Criminal Procedure Code (Cap. 6), a public prosecutor must deliver a copy of evidence or legal report to the accused not less than 10 clear days before the trial day. As long as such provision were not made, the reports or evidence are made not to be admitted. Hence the order binding the accused must be squashed. English (UK) case using Mischief Rule: SMITH V HUGHES Legal Citation Smith v Hughes, (1871) LR 6 QB 597 (Queen’s Bench Division) Facts: A complainant where to sell oats/food grains to a suspect with samples to show a try out. The suspect then examine the sample and rewrite to the complainant by accepting the oats at a cost of 34s per quarter. Thereafter, the suspect rejected the oats on reaching him with reason being that he were expecting old oats but the once he received were new. The suspect also complained about the cost price which is too high after reaching agreement with the complainant because he discovered that they were new oats, hence there came a fight in respect of their agreement because there is a bridge of contract. Judgment: Order from the Queen’s Bench Division specified that both parties have communicated the nature of the oats before making transactions. In addition, they have agreed to the terms and conditions that governs the sales and purchase of the oats. The suspect thought they were old but the complainant knew they were new. Hence, the fault is from the suspect because of his inability to know the age of the oats he purchased. Conclusion: Conclusively, the term statutory interpretation is a method which judges use to translate the Acts of Parliament. In other words, the means in which judges utilize statutory laws is also known as statutory interpretation. A statute might be straightforward in terms of meaning but they are mostly made up vague words which are expected to be interpreted by the judges. Additionally, many cases go to appeal at the point of interpretation. There are three basic rules generally enforced for statutory interpretations such as; Literal, Golden and Mischief Rules. Reference: Translegal.com, (2014). The rules of statutory interpretation (2). Home.loxfordlaw.co.uk, (2014). Notes on Statutory Interpretations A-Level Law Revision Exam Help by D.Hussain Publications. Scribd.com, (2014). LIM MOH JOO. Hba.org.my, (2014). HOYA HOLDING SDN. BHD. V. CHIA THIN HING ANOR. Casebrief.me, (2014). Smith v Hughes | Case Brief Summary. Sixthformlaw.info, (2014). Fisher v Bell. Golden-rule-law.blogspot.com, (2014). The Golden Rule: Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Golden Rule. Appendices Statutory interpretation > 2,4,15 Extrinsic > 4, 5 Interpretation Acts > 5 Common law > 2, 5 Literal rule > 2, 6, 15 Advantages and Disadvantages of literal rule > 6 Malaysia cases using the literal rule > 7, 8 English cases using the literal rule > 8 Golden rule > 2, 9, 15 Advantages and Disadvantages of golden rule > 9 Malaysia cases using the golden rule > 9, 10 English cases using the golden rule > 10, 11 Mischief rule > 2, 12, 15 Advantages and Disadvantages of golden rule > 12 Malaysia cases using the mischief rule > 13 English cases using the mischief rule > 13, 14

Kinos Emotions in Steinbeck’s Novel, The Pearl Essay -- Character Anal

A small twist of fate can destroy the life of an individual. Kino, a Mexican, pearl diver, is in desperate need of help when his baby, Coyotito, is stung by a scorpion. Kino feels his only hope is to find a pearl beautiful enough to sell. His dream comes true when he discovers a magnificent pearl one morning. At first the discovery of the pearl can be looked upon as not only a miracle but also a life saver. Throughout the novel it becomes apparent the pearl is no where close to a miracle. Kino’s life becomes a struggle with many decisions that have to be made. In Steinbeck’s novel, The Pearl, the power of the pearl relates to Kino’s emotions. Kino is hopeful in the beginning of the novel, and the power of the pearl is purely good. When he finds the â€Å"Pearl of the World† he begins to think his luck has turned for the better. Coyotito appears to be healed and Kino decides he will keep the money from the pearl for his family, but when they return to the doctor he advises Kino and his wife, Juana, to have the baby treated. The baby is treated and they plan to pay the doctor t...

Ethical Considerations in Customer Relationship Management Essay

Abstract Due to issues such as managed care contracting, and the financial impact of indigent care, healthcare providers find themselves in competition for patients with adequate health insurance, or the ability to pay cash for services provided to try to maintain fiscal solvency. E-health applications serve not only to advertise the services of a facility, but also to help the health care provider identify potential patients for the services they offer. In this paper I will explore the ethical considerations of Consumer Relationship Management (CRM) applications and services, which are increasingly being utilized to help target potential consumers for health care providers. When inquiring about a health condition on the internet, do internet users give up their expectations for privacy regarding their healthcare information? Although consumers may not expect the information they provide to get into the database of marketing firms, this is often exactly what happens. Consumer Relationship Management (CRM) software firms or service providers are a growing industry. The purpose of CRM software in the healthcare field, is to assist providers in identifying potential customers for a service based on information they have supplied. This information can be provided in a number of ways. In some cases, the consumer has knowingly supplied the information to the actual provider via an inquiry sent from the provider's website. In other cases the provider determines a marketing target based upon mining information in their own database by linking relationships which may help identify a potential need. Yet in another scenario, identification of a potential consu mer is based on information they provided at another website, which was ... ... an Innovative CRM Solution for Health Care Organizations. Retrieved July 29, 2007, from DM Review Web site: http://www.dmreview.com/editorial/newsletter_article.cfm?nl=dmdirect&articleId=1066948&issue=20423 CPM-Solutions. Retrieved July 29, 2007, from CRM Health Portal Web site: http://www.cpm.com/providers/solutions/emarketing.cfm Poulsen, Kevin (2007, May 14). Attorneys General demand that MySpace give up sex offenders. Wired, Retrieved July 29, 2007, from http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2007/05/attorneys_gener.html Richards, Johnathan (2007, July 25). Sex offenders can use social sites say police. Times Online, Retrieved July 29, 2007, from http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article2137973.ece WebMD Privacy Policy. Retrieved July 29, 2007, from WebMD.com Web site: http://www.webmd.com/policies/about-privacy-policy#part7c Ethical Considerations in Customer Relationship Management Essay Abstract Due to issues such as managed care contracting, and the financial impact of indigent care, healthcare providers find themselves in competition for patients with adequate health insurance, or the ability to pay cash for services provided to try to maintain fiscal solvency. E-health applications serve not only to advertise the services of a facility, but also to help the health care provider identify potential patients for the services they offer. In this paper I will explore the ethical considerations of Consumer Relationship Management (CRM) applications and services, which are increasingly being utilized to help target potential consumers for health care providers. When inquiring about a health condition on the internet, do internet users give up their expectations for privacy regarding their healthcare information? Although consumers may not expect the information they provide to get into the database of marketing firms, this is often exactly what happens. Consumer Relationship Management (CRM) software firms or service providers are a growing industry. The purpose of CRM software in the healthcare field, is to assist providers in identifying potential customers for a service based on information they have supplied. This information can be provided in a number of ways. In some cases, the consumer has knowingly supplied the information to the actual provider via an inquiry sent from the provider's website. In other cases the provider determines a marketing target based upon mining information in their own database by linking relationships which may help identify a potential need. Yet in another scenario, identification of a potential consu mer is based on information they provided at another website, which was ... ... an Innovative CRM Solution for Health Care Organizations. Retrieved July 29, 2007, from DM Review Web site: http://www.dmreview.com/editorial/newsletter_article.cfm?nl=dmdirect&articleId=1066948&issue=20423 CPM-Solutions. Retrieved July 29, 2007, from CRM Health Portal Web site: http://www.cpm.com/providers/solutions/emarketing.cfm Poulsen, Kevin (2007, May 14). Attorneys General demand that MySpace give up sex offenders. Wired, Retrieved July 29, 2007, from http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2007/05/attorneys_gener.html Richards, Johnathan (2007, July 25). Sex offenders can use social sites say police. Times Online, Retrieved July 29, 2007, from http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article2137973.ece WebMD Privacy Policy. Retrieved July 29, 2007, from WebMD.com Web site: http://www.webmd.com/policies/about-privacy-policy#part7c

Aids Treatments

Aids is one of the most threatening disease which is effecting the lives of many people around the globe, plus the most astonishing fact is that it is effecting people and spreading at an exponential rate and as public awareness programs focus on it The most disturbing fact is that as the number of cases double a cures not in sight nor a vaccine has been developed and Aids is still an incurable condition.The human immunodeficiency virus has a direct and a lethal on life, at its very core, the transmission occurs principally via blood, semen and â€Å"vaginal fluid other bodily fluids, like the saliva, contain far too low a concentration of the virus to be dangerous Both blood and semen signify life and potential life in a concrete way.† (Paskin, 1994)AIDS is the most severe stage, of the infection with what we know as the AIDS virus. AIDS is also generally accepted as a syndrome, a collection of specific, life-threatening and dangerous signs that is due to an underlying immune deficiency, a deficiency not caused by any known conditions and illnesses other than infection with the AIDS virus.It destroys the body's capacity to ward off bacteria and viruses that would ordinarily be fought off by a properly functioning immune system, and it is the diseases, the opportunistic infections, caused by these outside agents that eventually kill the victim; or, death results from a form of cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, that is far more aggressive in AIDS patients than among those who do not suffer from AIDS.Thus, one can say that AIDS killed the person, since the addition of the ‘S’ defines a syndrome: the collection of diseases and symptoms that resulted from the weakened immune system.Putting it another way, one can say that the â€Å"AIDS virus itself does not kill, nor does it generally cause the various diseases associated with the syndrome; most of the disastrous events are simply the result of the damage to the immune system.† (Elli, 1992)The t reatment of HIV-related immunological and neurological disease involves the control of HIV replication by specific anti-viral drugs, boosting the host's own immune response to HIV, dampening down any potentially harmful results of the immune response, and reconstituting the defective cell-mediated immunity.Thus, a broad range of approaches are being tried. This in some way reflects the uncertainty regarding the pathogenesis of this infection. The management of the specific opportunist infections and tumors that arise because of the immunodeficiency are covered in Chapter 4.Here, we will focus on the treatment of the underlying HIV infection. The ultimate goal for the HIV-infected person would be the eradication of HIV infection. However, this is unlikely to be achieved as the virus integrates into the host chromosome, and therefore all infected cells would have to be removed.This may be possible in renewable tissue, such as lymphoid cells, but not within the nervous system, where ce lls cannot be replaced. However, if the virus could be suppressed to the level where it is not damaging the host or continuing to infect new cells, then the disease process may be halted.The virus can potentially be inhibited in three ways: (1) by preventing binding or fusion to the target cell; (2) by inhibiting replication and release; and (3) by inducing non-infective particlesDespite many public health efforts and programs for the awareness of the disease around the globe it is still seen that in many underdeveloped countries Aids awareness programs do not work and people are still indulging into acts like prostitution and unsafe sexual activities.So therefore to address this issue governments in these countries have conducted many health programs such as making people aware about the effects of the disease and   raising more informational sessions for people indulging into behaviors which are a main source in spreading this virus.Now governments around the worlds are funding projects which are related to the disease so that the people at large do not get affected by the disease.These public health efforts around the world especially in Asian and African countries has led to people becoming more aware of the hazards of the aids epidemic and because of these health awareness programs people to not indulge into unprotected sexual behavior.Works CitedPaskin, J. M. HIV and AIDS. Publisher: Bios Scientific Publishers. Place of Publication: Oxford, England. Publication Year: 1994.Elli, Ottoman. HIV Infection and Intravenous Drug Use. Publisher: Praeger Publishers. Place of Publication: Westport, CT. Publication Year: 1992

In Cold Blood by Truman Capote Essay

  In Cold Blood: A True Account of Multiple Murder and Its Consequences by Truman Capote details the social arena that molded Dick Hickock and Perry Smith into criminals and killers.   The author wrote of how Hickock was brought up in a loving home with a stable family but suffered from mental illness.   Perry on the other hand, had alcoholic parents in a very unloving atmosphere, uneducated and suffered from depression.   Each was influenced by society differently but the result was the same.   The author details their stories from the beginning of their criminal history up to their execution for the murder of the Clutter family.   The question is, was Perry a â€Å"natural born killer†. In an article in Psychology Today there is evidence that activity or lack of in the prefrontal cortex of the brain region are associated with acts of murder.   This prefrontal cortex activity is also associated with a wide range of behaviors such as risk taking, rule breaking, aggression and impulsivity that can lead to violence.   This evidence has a great value in maybe creating a way for society to possibly point out problem individuals and possible treatment or prevention of criminal activity such as murder.   The article goes on to say that perhaps this is a way to point to biological differences or the possibility of natural born killers (Raine 10). In some ways Truman Capote could relate to Perry because both had terrible experiences growing up. The author was intrigued as to why Perry would go on to kill and he didn’t. Capote wrote that possible social consequences made the difference possibly grooming Perry to be a killer and some professionals agree sociologist are not satisfied with the explanations that are rooted in biology and personality.   They point to the perspective of symbolic interaction that each of us interprets life through symbols that we learn (Henslin 133).   Sociologist Edwin Sutherland stressed that people learn deviance.   He uses the term differential association to indicate that we learn to deviate or to conform to society’s norms mostly by the people we associate with.   But if this is correct then why does some with the same interaction kill and others do not?   In my opinion there are people who are born natural killers.   It is something that is innate within some individuals and is nurtured by society to its final display.   In my belief some individuals will be born a killer and some will not.   Society takes this innate trait and shapes them even more, or even less, towards the direction of their innate features.   The degree of their actions is my proof.   Take hunting some individuals can hunt and some cannot.   This is an example of the innate trait for killing expressed in killing for food rather than killing another human. Degree is how society grooms each killer, the hunter and the murderer, to their final â€Å"ends†.   Because traits are passed from parent to child that is why some societies are prone to have more killers than others and what degree the acts are committed is influenced by each of the societies they live in.  Ã‚   The degree of the trait is what society uses for determining how wrong the act is and how that individual will be punished.   Evil is solely influenced and decided by the society one lives in.   Killing is inevitable for some individuals; it is to what degree that makes the difference. Reference: Capote, Truman.   In Cold Blood: A True Account of a Multiple Murder and Its    Consequences.   New York: Signet Books, 1965. Henslin, James M.   Essentials of Sociology: A Down to Earth Approach.   Boston:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Allyn and Bacon, 2000. Raine, A.   Natural born Killers?   Psychology Today 28(1), p.10, 1995 Jan/Feb.

Northanger abbey

Thesis In the history of English literature it's difficult to specify a genre, even Gothic novel by resonance and measure the impact on other styles, trends, genres. Chronological framework of its existence, in the opinion of the vast majority of researchers limited the end of the XVIII – beginning of the nineteenth centuries. However, traces of â€Å"Gothic† poetics, especially its artistic language and philosophical thinking can be recognized in the work of writer Jane Austen.Logical and important question is the tatus of the Gothic in Jane Austen, namely in the novel â€Å"Northanger Abbey† – the status of genre, poetological, aesthetic, ideological. In the main part we have given the definition of the Gothic genre, and have found his place in the novel † Northanger Abbey† identified writing style, tone, name origin, setting, we have analyzed plot, identified narrators point of view, found the used symbols.In conclusion, we have learned that the whole work is permeated with hidden quotations, allusions and reminiscences, including literary discussions between heroes around novel and orecasts developments, dense, albeit controversial, parallels at characters, perpetual comparison of weather and scenery of â€Å"udolfskymy† ; We observe the formula CL Pitt the transformation of the Gothic novel (romance) in the household (novel); Also we have explored favorite means writers with the help of which she deliberately changes and scale depicted in the novel offers a look at reality through the eyepiece, in which things, people, events are not given in a close-up, in Gothic but are quite smaller. Northanger abbey Thesis In the history of English literature it's difficult to specify a genre, even Gothic novel by resonance and measure the impact on other styles, trends, genres. Chronological framework of its existence, in the opinion of the vast majority of researchers limited the end of the XVIII – beginning of the nineteenth centuries. However, traces of â€Å"Gothic† poetics, especially its artistic language and philosophical thinking can be recognized in the work of writer Jane Austen.Logical and important question is the tatus of the Gothic in Jane Austen, namely in the novel â€Å"Northanger Abbey† – the status of genre, poetological, aesthetic, ideological. In the main part we have given the definition of the Gothic genre, and have found his place in the novel † Northanger Abbey† identified writing style, tone, name origin, setting, we have analyzed plot, identified narrators point of view, found the used symbols.In conclusion, we have learned that the whole work is permeated with hidden quotations, allusions and reminiscences, including literary discussions between heroes around novel and orecasts developments, dense, albeit controversial, parallels at characters, perpetual comparison of weather and scenery of â€Å"udolfskymy† ; We observe the formula CL Pitt the transformation of the Gothic novel (romance) in the household (novel); Also we have explored favorite means writers with the help of which she deliberately changes and scale depicted in the novel offers a look at reality through the eyepiece, in which things, people, events are not given in a close-up, in Gothic but are quite smaller.

The World Is Flat

Thomas Friedman in his recent book ‘The world is flat’ discusses a short history of globalisation in the twenty-first century. His discovering journey took him around the world to investigate the new concept in transnational business. He views himself as Columbus-like, but in a new modern word, in which he is searching for the sources of today’s wealth. Only to come to a rhetorical conclusion that the world is â€Å"flat† not round! His book, ‘The world is flat’ has been a subject to much criticism. His work was highly criticizes by Aronica and Ramdoo, (2006) in their book ‘The World is Flat? A Critical Analysis of Thomas Friedman’s New York Times Bestseller’. They point to the fact that Friedman does not use a single table or data footnote in his book. Friedman makes arguments by assertion, based on not documented facts, but makes his assumption based on stories from his journey around the world, visiting few places, and selected CEOs he visits on his journey.(Aronica & Ramdoo, 2006) Friedman in a research for his book visits India, where Nandan, the CEO of Infosys explains to him that; â€Å"the playing field is being leveled† causing Friedman to conclude that the world is flat. (Friedman, 2006 p.7) Friedman refers to a â€Å"flat world† in a metaphorical sense. He reiterates over and over again that â€Å"The world is flat†. In which he means that reducing barriers in trade and political and technical advances have made it possible to do business, instantly with any other businesses around the world, without the need to emigrate. It has allowed for parts of the world, which had previously been disconnected, like India and China, to compete in the world market. And that we are now connecting all the knowledge and expertise, using computers, email, fibre-optic networks and so on. Friedman argues that there are ten major forces that flattened the world, and describes each of the following â€Å"flatteners†. The fall of the Berlin Wall; or the work flow software; uploading; outsoursing; offshoring; insourcing; in-forming; and lastly he talks about steroids. Next Friedman delve into what he describes that the forces of flatness have resulted in â€Å"the triple convergence,† three additional components that acted on the flatteners to create a new, flatter global playing field. Friedman also states that â€Å"technology has made the world flat by removing geographical, hierarchical and other boundaries to trade†. In a flat world, Friedman writes, â€Å"you can innovate without having to emigrate. Yet, there are still many people in rural areas that have been left out and neglected of this global integration. People are migrating from rural areas to the big cities in search of jobs all the time, and this is what Friedman calls a ‘flat world’? Richard Florida,(2005) in his article ‘The World is spiky’ argues that â€Å"the globalisation has changed the playing field but it has not leveled it.†, Richard talks about â€Å"uneven distribution of the world’s population, light emissions, focusing on ‘peaks’ as of the cities that drive the world economy, and ‘valleys’ – places with little connection to the global economy.† Both authors seems to be right, but they both missing the point, using misleading metaphors. The paradox of these two metaphors is that the flattening of the world is creating a new prospect for even greater spikiness. Some would argue that it does not matter whether the world is spiky or flat. What does matter is where you live. Now, people have to compete and work harder than ever before. People in American are losing their jobs because someone on the other side of the world can do it faster and for less money. Technology makes it all more possible today to bring the world closer and make it more interconnected and interdependent.(Friedman, 2006) However, technological innovation by itself will never flatten the world, instead it tends to create inequalities by being inaccessible to less fortunate. Leamer (2007) in his critical review demonstrate that the technological revolution, economic integration and interaction increase the openness of trade and promote the production and transmission of information and knowledge in general. However, it is possible that increasing economic integration can lead to spatial agglomeration of economic activity rather than to a geographically ‘flatten pattern†. Process of globalization may as well wipe out space and distance between countries, then again, some will argue that in a global economy, competitive advantages are often heavily localized, arising from concentrations of highly specialised skills, knowledge and institutions. Friedman argues, that the world is getting flatter, incomes though, are not. Distribution of incomes within countries and between countries is growing greater. Nevertheless, all these arguments show that the world is not flat, never was and is not likely going to be in the near future. In second chapter, Friedman describes than Netscape went public and how Internet and World Wide Web came along and enabled more people to communicate and interact with more people anywhere on the planet, causing the Earth to flatten even more. In 2007 Foreign Policy magazine article, Pankaj Ghemawa, argued that ninety percent of the world’s web traffic, investments and phone calls are local, suggesting that Friedman has overstated the significance of the trends he describes. (Ghemawat, P. 2007). Friedman talks about ‘outsourcing’ of manufacturing and other processes to a foreign country to take advantage of less-costly labour. Outsourcing may indeed be good for the multinational corporations to stay competitive and survive, however, Arnica and Ramdoo (2006) in their book argue that, Friedman discuss in a favor of global corporations moving their operations overseas to exploit weak governments and cheap labor. Global corporations are not invested in the well-being of American workers and their local communities. Instead they go wherever they can to exploit cheap labor, lax environmental regulations and tax breaks. Stiglitz (2006) in his book points out that, the policy frameworks and laws are manipulated to be best suited for the industrial elites. Moving operations overseas is â€Å"cost cutting† to improve the financial performance of big corporations, without loyalty to one’s country. Their only loyalty is to increased profits and increased salaries of their directors. As a result of outsourcing, Many of American citizens, according to Friedman, are now worried about their careers, because some of the jobs they used to hold are now being performed outside the country for a much lower cost to their former companies. The reason behind the outsourcing is simply the cost. Indian workers can work for far less then American. The question is what will be the outcome of shipping all these jobs overseas? Some will argue that outsourcing less skilled work to emerging economies will raise living standards around the world. Workers in developing nations will get new and higher- paying jobs, and consumers in the U.S will be able to buy products that are cheaper than if they were made at home. Leamer (2007) argues that â€Å"it makes both parties worse off† saying â€Å"we get their wages and they get our culture. Outsourcing is occurring at a breathtaking pace, and as a result America is facing a big challenge because their jobs are at risk. Business services and finance is now at risk of being outsourced. And in the near future accounts, marketing and sales, and even human recourses will be shipped overseas in the name of cost saving. We are not only outsourcing business processes, but also moving process of innovations. Overall, this is good for global economy, but the U.S. workforce will face drastic career changes and pressures on wages subject to competition from foreign labor. Thus, what is good for some might not be good for others. Another example given by Mr. Friedman that stroked me is how Southwest Airlines let you issue your own boarding pass online twenty-four hours before the flight. What if you forget to print out your ticket? This is just a simple demonstration of declining quality of services a customer receives in a flatten world. I would argue that while the flat world has done extremely well for many industries and people around the world, Friedman but does not realized that the more flatten world brings many dark sides of globalisation along with it. The global financial system is more unbalanced, the threats of climate change are stronger and there is more international terrorism. The Friedman is reinforcing a wrong message to its audience for peace, loyalty and prosperity. Thomas Friedman points out that different parts of the world are now more connected because convergence of technology, information systems and telecommunications systems that created a ‘global platform’ is shrinking the world, and enabling each of us to reach around the world faster and cheaper than ever before! Yes, there have been some dramatic changes and transformation in the world economy, and we are now more connected than ever before, however the world is not flat. (Stiglitz, 2006). Stiglitz in his book ‘Making globalization work’ (2006) touches various aspects of globalization that is destroying the developing countries and their aspirations to provide a decent living to their citizens. He talks about egotistic intellectual property laws, the unfair trade mechanisms and many more critical points to complete success of globalization. Mr Friedman appreciates the existence of global poverty but fails to explain its structural and geopolitical causes.