How and why Muhammad was opposed in Makkah Essay

The prophet Muhammad preached in Makkah to bring people in the right path and to believe in one god. However, he was opposed in many ways possible by many people mainly the Quraish. There were many reasons why people opposed the prophet Muhammad in Makkah and many were due to selfish needs such as wealth and power. The prophet Muhammad was opposed in many ways such as verbal and physical abuse. The Quraish were the main people to oppose Muhammad in Makkah. The opposition of the Quraish to the message of Islam greatly influenced the rest of the Arabs to reject Islam as well. In fact the influence of the Quraish was so great that even if they had not exerted themselves in their resistance they still could have swayed the people. That was because all of the Arabs looked to the Quraish and waited for their approval for many reasons such as the high status of the Quraish in the hearts of the Arabs. They revered the Quraish because they were the people who lived close to the Kabah. For this reason the other Arabs honored and respected the Quraish and took pride in rushing to fulfill any need that they might have for food, drink or other things as well. Although Muhammad’s preaching was basically religious, there was implicit in it a critique of the conduct and attitudes of the rich merchants of Mecca. Attempts were made to get him to soften his criticism by offering him a fuller share in trade and a marriage alliance with one of the wealthiest families, but he decisively rejected such offers. Points in the message of the Qur’an were questioned, such as the assertion that men would be resurrected before the Judgment. Commercial pressure was brought to bear on Muhammad’s supporters, and in some families there was mild persecution of junior members who followed him. In about 616 Abu Jahl organized a boycott of the clan of Hashim by the chief clans of Mecca, all egedly because the clan continued to protect Muhammad and did not curb his preaching; but, since few of the clan were Muslims, other questions may have been involved. After three years the boycott lost momentum, perhaps because some of the participants found they were harming their own economic interests. Many in Makkah had become rich, as the city was a central trade hub and a spiritual center for polytheism. They did not appreciate Muhammad’s message of embracing social equality, rejecting idols, and sharing wealth with the poor and needy. Thus, many of  the Prophet Muhammad’s early followers were among the lower classes, slaves, and women. These early Muslim followers were subject to horrible mistreatment by the Makkan upper classes. Several were tortured, others were killed, and some took temporary refuge in Abyssinia. The Makkan tribes then organized a social boycott of the Muslims, not allowing people to trade with, care for, or socialize with the Muslims. In the harsh desert climate, this was essentially a death sentence. The Makkans got together to try and get rid of Muhammad (pbuh) and his teachings. They had already openl y opposed it in public and had even tried to ridicule and slander the Prophet (pbuh). They had spoken to Abu Talib and asked him to withdraw his support and protection for Muhammad (pbuh). They had failed each time and Muhammad (pbuh) continued to preach and slowly the message was spreading. There were only a few months until the pilgrimage would be performed and Makkah would be flooded with many Arabs from all over the peninsula. They wanted to get together and sort out Muhammad (pbuh) and his preaching. They wanted to get together and formulate a new plan! They wanted to minimise the effect of the teachings of Islam upon the pilgrims. They decided if they joined forces they might be able to sort out Muhammad (pbuh). They would make things up, spread rumours and lies so that people stay away from Muhammad (pbuh) and don’t listen to his message. Someone suggested that they accuse Muhammad (pbuh) of being a sorcerer, using magic to trick and influence people. Another said they say that Muhammad (pbuh) is just a madman and is preaching nonsense. Another suggested they say that an evil spirit possesses Muhammad (pbuh) and that the Arabs should ignore him and keep away from him. Another suggested that they say that Muhammad (pbuh) was just a poet and the message of th e Qur’an was just poetry. The fact of the matter was that none of these allegations were true and the Makkans knew this. How could they try and combat the message of Muhammad (pbuh) and how could they halt his message from being preached. They decided that they would consult Al-Waleed bin Al-Mugheerah – a very influential person in his tribe. Al-Waleed listened to all these allegations against the prophet (pbuh) and dismissed them all. He, however, found that the most plausible way would be to suggest that Muhammad (pbuh) was a magician and  that he used magic words to influence people. They said that his ‘magic’ words would separate a father from his son, a husband from his wife, a man from his clan†¦ They finally decided that this was the best excuse they could use to discredit Muhammad (pbuh). They would tell the pilgrims that Muhammad (pbuh) was a powerful sorcerer and that they should avoid him at all costs. To conclude, Muhammad was opposed in Makkah because rich people didnâ €™t want to lose their power, status or wealth. Also because they believed that the idols they worshipped were good enough for their fathers. Their forefathers and so were good enough for them.

Postpartum: Childbirth and Marie Wilson Marie Essay

Marie Wilson, a 34-year-old female client who is gravida 4, para 3, is transferred to the postpartum unit two hours after a prolonged 14-hour labor and forceps delivery of a male infant weighing 9 lb, 2 oz. The placenta was intact upon delivery. The labor and delivery nurse reports that Marie was catheterized for 600 ml of yellow urine just before delivery. Her record indicates that she had a repair of a 4th degree laceration. A postpartum assessment reveals that her vital signs are stable: blood pressure 120/80, pulse 84, respirations 20, temperature 98.9Â ° F. Additional assessment indicates that her fundus is firm and located 1 cm above the umbilicus, and the perineal sutures are intact with edges well-approximated. The client describes herself as exhausted and without pain, since she has had no sensation below her waist since receiving epidural anesthesia. A 1,000 ml bag of Lactated Ringer’s solution containing 10 units of Pitocin (oxytocin) is infusing via an 18 g peripheral IV in the left forearm at 125 ml per hour, with 300 ml remaining in the bag. The IV is patent, without redness or swelling, and can be discontinued when this bag’s infusion is complete. 1. Prior to discontinuing the IV Pitocin (oxytocin), which assessment is most important for the nurse to obtain? A) Vital signs. B) Vaginal discharge. C) Uterine firmness. D) Oral intake. Correct answer(s): C 2. What is the priority nursing diagnosis for Marie, who is experiencing residual effects of epidural anesthesia? A) Risk for injury. B) Impaired physical mobility. C) Altered urinary elimination. D) Risk for infection. Correct answer(s): A 3. What is the priority nursing action to address Marie’s needs related to the repair of her 4th degree perineal laceration? A) Provide prescribed oral pain medication and stool softener. B) Encourage warm sitz baths 2 to 3 times daily. C) Apply perineal ice packs consistently for the first 24 to 48 hours. D) Teach proper and frequent use of the peri-bottle. Correct answer(s): C

Johnson Matthey Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Johnson Matthey - Case Study Example 14 Consolidated Income Statement 15 Consolidated and Parent Company Cash Flow Statements 16 PART A: Financial Analysis 1. Company Summary Johnson Matthey is a speciality chemicals company. Focusing on its core skills in catalysts, fine chemicals and precious metals, the company's main activities are organized through its Environmental Technologies, Precious Metals and Fine Chemicals & Catalysts Divisions. Johnson Matthey manufactures catalysts, pollution control systems, and fine chemicals, engages in the refining and fabrication of precious metals and produces active pharmaceutical ingredients (Annual Report, 2009). Important strategic acquisitions are: the acquisition of Argillon Group in February 2008; the selling of non-core Insulators and Alumina businesses to Lapp Insulator GmbH & Co in November 2008; the acquisition of the 49% Alfa Aesar China Limited in March 2009 (Google Finance, 2009) The common stock trades on the London Stock Exchange (LSE: JMAT.L). 2. Strategic Objectives (Annual Report, 2009) For 2009/2010, Johnson Matthey's strategic objective is to generate consistent growth in earnings by developing high added value products and services. The company aims at further supporting R&D and financing organic growth. Although opportunities for growth are on the agenda, the company plans on reducing capital expenditure to generate more cash. The group's financial objectives are: achieving constant and above average growth in earnings per share; achieving an ROI above the group's cost of capital; achieving a 20% ROA for all its divisions; maximizing dividends in line with earnings to ensure sufficient funds are retained to support organic growth The priorities given in strategic direction are: Focusing on its core skills in the... The paper concludes that Johnson Matthey's financial statements are clearly structured, facilitating the company's financial analysis. Also, non-financial statements communicate the group's quality, innovation and efficiency to shareholders in a comprehensive way that identifies the company's strategic objectives. Johnson Matthey is a speciality chemicals company. Focusing on its core skills in catalysts, fine chemicals and precious metals, the company's main activities are organized through its Environmental Technologies, Precious Metals and Fine Chemicals & Catalysts Divisions. Johnson Matthey manufactures catalysts, pollution control systems, and fine chemicals, engages in the refining and fabrication of precious metals and produces active pharmaceutical ingredients (Annual Report, 2009). Important strategic acquisitions are: the acquisition of Argillon Group in February 2008; the selling of non-core Insulators and Alumina businesses to Lapp Insulator GmbH & Co in November 2008; the acquisition of the 49% Alfa Aesar China Limited in March 2009 (Google Finance, 2009) For the fiscal year ended 31 March 2009, Johnson Matthey's revenues increased 4.66% to 7,847.8m.

Medicine and Pharmacology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Medicine and Pharmacology - Essay Example Mefloquine HCl is available as 250-mg tablets (equivalent to 228.0 mg of the free base). The presence of food significantly enhances the rate and extent of absorption. About 98% of the drug binds to protein. Mefloquine is excreted mainly in the bile and feces; therefore, no dose adjustment is needed in persons with renal insufficiency. The drug and its main metabolite are not appreciably removed by hemodialysis. No special chemoprophylactic dosage adjustments are indicated for dialysis patients to achieve plasma concentrations similar to those in healthy persons. Pharmacokinetic differences have been detected between various ethnic populations. In practice, however, these are of minor importance compared with host immune status and parasite sensitivity. In patients with impaired liver function, the elimination of mefloquine may be prolonged, leading to higher plasma levels (U.S.A Food and Drug Administration Guide for Larium 2003). Mefloquine should be used with caution in individuals participating in activities requiring alertness and fine-motor coordination e.g., driving, piloting aircraft, operating machinery, and deep-sea diving. If the drug is to be administered for a prolonged period, periodic evaluations are recommended, including liver function tests and ophthalmic examinations. Sleep abnormalities such as insomnia, abnormal dreams have occasionally been reported. Psychosis and seizures occur rarely; mefloquine should not be prescribed to patients with neuropsychiatric conditions, including depression, generalized anxiety disorder, psychosis, schizophrenia, and seizure disorder. If acute anxiety, depression, restlessness, or confusion develops during prophylaxis, these psychiatric symptoms may be considered prodromal to a more serious event, and the drug should be discontinued (Weinke et al., 1991) Importance of the drug and relevance to the topic Mefloquine given 250 mg of salt weekly in an adult dose has been the antimalarial prophylactic agent of choice for much of the tropics because it is usually effective against multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria and is reasonably well tolerated. Mild nausea, dizziness, fuzzy thinking, disturbed sleep patterns, vivid dreams, and malaise are relatively common. Although rare, due to its potential increased use, the occurrences of neuropsychiatric side effects have come into attention. Approximately 1 in every 10,000 recipients develops an acute reversible neuropsychiatric reaction manifested by confusion, psychosis, convulsions, or encephalopathy. Therefore questions arise whether this should be used. This is a debatable issue, and it would be worthwhile to find out research evidence on this topic (Steffen et al., 1993). Review of Literature Mefloquine is the most effective medicine in the prophylaxis and treatment of malaria. However, neuropsychiatric side-effects can more often be seen with the use of mefloquine compared to other anti-malaria drugs. Murai et al. (2005) studied the neuropsychiatric symptoms caused by mefloquine on report from several cases. After analysis of the data the authors assume, that besides the

Abnormal Psychology- Psychosis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Abnormal Psychology- Psychosis - Essay Example Atypical anti-psychotic drugs are commonly used in treating acute mania, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, psychosis, and schizo-affective disorder. (Leslie, Hankey, & Lean, 2007) In line with the adverse health effects of these drugs, several studies show that atypical anti-psychotic medications particularly the Olanzapine and Clozapine; anti-depression drug such as Nortriptyline, Doxepin, and Amitriptyline; Lithium; Valproate; as well as beta-adrenergic blocking agent like Propranolol highly contributes to the excessive weight gain or obesity. (Science Daily, 2008; Leslie, Hankey, & Lean, 2007; Czobor et al., 2002; Rossner et al., 1990) Obesity is a serious health and social problem since it could cause a person to deal with social adjustment disorders or social discrimination. (Pearce et al., 2002) As a common knowledge, obesity could also increase the risk of a person to suffer from a wide-range of serious health concerns such as diabetes particularly the Type 2 diabetes or the non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (Alberti et al., 2007; Wilding, 2004), cerebral hemorrhage and coronary heart diseases (Nanchahal et al., 2005; Montaye at el., 2000), high blood pressure, athersclerosis and high cholesterol (Yuan et al., 1998; Berenson et al., 1993), atherosclerosis (Nazario, 2007), osteoarthritis (Lau et al., 2000), sleep apnea (Ballington, 2002), as well as cancer (Vainio & Bianchini, 2002) related to colon (Murphy et al. 2000), rectum (Giascosa et al., 1999), post menopausal related breast cancer and uterus (Vainio & Bianchini, 2002; Friedenreich, 2001; van den Brandt et al., 2000; Goodman et al., 1997), kidney (Yuan et al., 1998; Goodman et al., 1997), gallbladder (Lowenfels et al., 1999; Moerman & Bueno-de-Mesquita, 1999), ovaries and pancreas (Vainio & Bianchini, 2002). Suicidal tendency is considered a major complication that has been associated with the withdrawal from anti-psychotic drugs like

Socialist Feminism and Bifurcation Personal Statement

Socialist Feminism and Bifurcation - Personal Statement Example Here I would make it absolutely clear that when I said sociology for women that did not mean a sociology exclusively for women rather " it means a sociology that addresses society and social relations from the standpoint of women situated outside rather than within the relation of ruling" (Smith, "The Every day" 46). Let us talk in a little detail about the genesis of my theory. During the experiences of my own life and work, I had noticed that male of the society has defined roles and status of a woman in it. The feelings and experiences of woman do not get priority even in the conceptualization of her own ideology. Women are viewed more as an object rather than human, they are just the 'other' and are forced to see the world from a male point of view. So I say. "There is a disjuncture between how women experience the world and the concepts and theoretical schemes by which society's self-consciousness is inscribed" (Smith, "The Conceptual" 13). The women see and experience the world in which they live by not their own experiences but as in perspectives of the rule framed and theories propounded by men for them. As a result, women are kept in confusion and remain deprived of self-discovery. I observed that "Our images of how we should look, our homes, our lives, are given shape by the work of peo ple in academia, in television, radio, newspapers, and other organizations forming the 'ideological apparatuses' of the society'" (Smith, "The Every day" 17). These relations of the ruling are made up of texts and ideology. The texts are what presented to us, woman, by a government organization, other institutions, popular media who tell us how we should look, manage home and such everyday matters, we shape our lives around the ideology presented in these various texts. The ideologies created by these ideological apparatuses and real experiences do not correlate and thus create chaos in women/s life. The ideology is created by the male in such a way that complete domination and authority remain with them.

Retailing Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Retailing Final - Essay Example Efficient store operation of Aldi is a way to convey the best customer experience. This remarkably will give significant reputation for the entire store based on the ability of its customers to disseminate response about their experience. This what makes this competitive advantage sustainable and it is through this that customers are playing major role towards its great success in the future. Customers therefore are needed to be enhanced with high level of satisfaction and Aldi tries to get this by conveying the best customer experience through efficient store operations. This means that all aspects in the operation involving the issue of customer satisfaction are closely taken into account. On the other hand, the increasing network of limited assortment stores of Aldi is another important source of sustainable competitive advantage. In this way, there is a good chance to highly differentiate the products and services offerings of the company. In line with this, there is a great oppo rtunity to increase the demand for products offered by Aldi in the global setting. This is also a good opportunity for the company to increase its chance to maximize the resources available from other countries. For one thing, China and India are good places for business as they are known to have cheap labor. However, for Aldi, the context of expansion deals primarily with business environmental factors. Under politics, it is important to consider existing policies for international business in both China and India. The aftermath of economic downturn is also a significant factor to consider prior to the global expansion of Aldi. This is going to be a challenge for Aldi’s competitive advantage knowing that China and India are also affected with economic recession across the globe. Putting up a business after all requires thorough consideration of economic activities and other factors. The next factor that would become a challenge for Aldi’s potential global expansion is the political environment. Various policies in business are determined by political settings of a country. In reality, this really affects how an international company would perform and adjust its internal business operation. Finally, another important factor that may be a great challenge for Aldi in its expansion is under the social context. China and India are home to huge consumers that have different preferences, geographic orientation and all other related social concerns. In particular, this is going to be a challenge for Aldi since this is going to take more time and effort to understand. There is a need to develop more systematic approach to identify how many exactly of the consumers are willing to go for limited assortment items. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   List and discuss all important characteristics of the fast response model used by Zara. Discuss key barriers limiting the company’s ability to duplicate this business model overseas, especially in Asia.   Answer: Za ra is known for its fast response model. This is potentially a quite advantage for the company as far as the trend and buying behavior of consumers change over time. It is because of this that there is a need to list and discuss all important characteristics of the fast response model of Zara. The fast response model of Zara is determined based on its concept. The world is home to fast changing demand for designs, innovation and the like. Thus, there is a need to

The infuence of goverment on globalisation Essay

The infuence of goverment on globalisation - Essay Example The development thrust of globalisation arresting the movement of people is to be controlled in terms of its speed only. Such control is in the hands of the political forces. Involvement of politicians and their policy decisions play an important role in global trade. Considering the cultural and social implications of globalisation in every country the political top brass either exercise complete control or allow free flow of foreign trade. This fluctuation has its impact on globalisation creating restriction of movement of people and their labour. Since movement of people is their fundamental right, placing hands of pressure on it will retard development of a nation. As far as speed is concerned, globalisation helps much in the development of a country in a speedy manner, lubing the economic friction within the nation. The entire global population is divided into two on globalisation. One group defends and the other opposes the new phenomenon. Defenders are filled with only speed of implementation while opposing group has so many cards in their chest. Economists doubt whether globalisation brings wealth at the price of inequalities. Cultural Marxists worry about the capital drift and historians assume that globalisation will not acquire any archival importance. (Arjun Appadurai, 2001, pp1) The first large scale 'denationalisation' programme of the post-war era occurred in 1961 in Federal Republic of Germany during Konard Adenauer's regime. Major stocks of Volkswagon were sold through public share issue. When Mrs.Thatcher came to power again in 1983 re-election, privatisation programme accelerated dramatically and annual proceeds from asset sales approached 5 billion. (Sudir Naib, 2004, pp138-139) Productivity certainly brings about self-reliance. However the essence and fragrance of it can be felt only at the completion of production and its usage. During the process of production, mobility of labour and individuals tend to reduce the speed of production. This makes the executives and administrators to resort to modalities such as throwing sops and doles to citizens with a view to divert their attention only to the business. Albeit enjoying the tastes of such free aids, restriction on their movement causes mental imbalance in individuals leading to upsurge. People and political parties of leftist ideologies make use of this situation to their advancement. They paint the entire globalisation as something unwanted or misleading. Globalisation has to be conceived correctly first. Allowing globalisation effects on the economy is secondary. As a hypothesis globalisation is a device, which can be harnessed by any country for the internal and international development. Since trade i s the main aspect of globalisation, interaction between nations becomes plausible. Hardships arising at the hour of social and cultural mingling generated by globalisation must be dealt with separately. While handling such issues it should be borne in mind that globalisation is not the crux of the problems but the problems are the spin-off of its implementation. Outright application of globalisation in all fields naturally leads to some problems. Following IMF regulations, the Mexican government reduced many of its food subsidies in 1982. This landed in the increase of 180% of minimum wage and 224% increase in basic food price. During 1984

Public Relation (Proposal) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Public Relation (Proposal) - Essay Example When looking at Draco Corp, an electronic store, it can be seen that specific changes need to be made with the website to begin altering the ways in which it is able to grow. The website can be enhanced to reflect the brand identity of the business while creating a sense of press relations through interactions, image and the presentation of the business. Examining the best approaches that Draco Corp can use for enhancing the website for larger consumer interactions, brand loyalty and trust will begin to change the associations which this business has for online transactions. Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 1.1 Problem Statement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦.4 1.2 Aims and Objectives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 2.0 Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 2.1 Redeveloping and Redesigning the Site†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 2.2 Web Site Content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...7 2.3 Security and IT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...8 2.4 Promotional Plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 2.5 Comparison to Competitors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 3.0 Conclusion and Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..12 4.0 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 1.0 Introduction The ability to have a strong web presence is one which is able to provide a difference in functioning to businesses. The expansion into a global market and the legitimacy of a professional company is one which is specifically based on the alternatives to build an online portal where indi viduals can determine what is needed. When looking at various companies, it can be seen that there isn’t the ability to create the right image, leaving to a lack of representation with the online company. Draco Corp is an example of a company which has several branches and business interests worldwide. It works as a multinational company that is able to product and sell consumer electronics to a global market. However, the lack of a website is one which is creating difficulties when working against competitors and into an international field. Finding a different way to manage and change the online presence will also make a change in the functions of Draco Corp while allowing their global presence to move forward internationally. 1.1 Problem Statement Draco Corp is known internationally for selling consumer products with the focus of electronics. However, the world is now turning to technology and online portals to gather information, order from portals and to define what is n eeded from a business. It is now known that the basic business dynamics are located and expanding to move online, specifically because of the consumer demand to find the level of legitimacy of a company and to evaluate the products which are used from those that are online. At the same time, most consumers are aware of the needed elements of a website to ensure the proper growth and to understand what the reputation of a company is. If the right standards aren’t met, then most consumers will continue browsing to another website for the same products (Neumark, Zhang, Wall, 2006: p. 79). 1.2 Aims and Objectives For Draco Corp to keep up with the competition and to find the needs of the consumer awareness and growth there is also the need to expand the website so it is able to

Post Confederation Canada Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Post Confederation Canada - Research Paper Example Although Canada was already an independent colony, British felt that there were internal political obstacles that she needed to solve. Consequently, the two conflicting parties, the Tories and the Clear Grits, came to unite in 18672. Nevertheless, this essay will describe Quasi-Federalism (and the subsequent types of federalisms) an aspect of Post Confederation Canada. To begin with, activities surrounding the Post Confederation Canada shaped Canadian history in many ways. One of the aspects of Post Confederation Canada that contributes to the shape of this country is the quasi federalism. Quasi federalism occurs when a state appears as if is divided into jurisdictions however is in fact a unitary state without any divided authority. Quasi federalism features involved contrasts between federalism and conservatism. For instance, immediately after confederation in Canada, the emerging partisan politics claimed that the strongest support for decentralization actually came from Ontario n ot Quebec or the Maritimes. In this instance, Canadian authority appeared as divided but in real sense, it was a pattern of rights between centralist’s supporters and conservatism, but whose view was same3. Quasi federalism in Post Confederation Canada produced another feature of partisan politics whereby the patterns of governance portrayed dominance in different levels of administration. In Post Confederation, features of political atmosphere dominance in Canada were prevalent. In this case, one political dominated the provincial level whereas opposition affirmed control at the federal level. Quasi federalism comprised of such features whereby, of the thirty years following Confederation in Canada, the Conservatives reigned in power for twenty-six years. A political scientist, Russell, argues that, in the case of contemporary politics Canada has experienced the same pattern of federal Conservative control even after the Mulroney Conservatives4. The major purpose of Russellà ¢â‚¬â„¢s point of this observation is to assert that provincial politics transcend significantly into federal politics. It is worthwhile to note that, quasi federalism in Post Confederation Canada was different from the American state governance. While American state governors faced restriction via series of strict checks and balances, it was ultimately different from quasi federalism state governance by which the main restrictive force found within the Canadian case was the continued rivalry found among regional interests5. However, even though quasi federalism led to economic transformation, however, dominated by the elites who did little to appeal to the wider public was constructive and contributed to a significant and essential period of nation building directly after the confederation. Cognitively, this economic growth in Post Confederation Canada helped shape the overall structure of the nation and the living standards of the fortunate. The evolution process of quasi federali sm in Post Confederation Canada is one of the most important features shaping the structure and functions of state governance. Throughout quasi federalism evolution, people could consider it hierarchical since its structural composition had central authority and regional subordinates. Instead, people considered quasi federalism as a system

Progressive Era Essay Example for Free

Progressive Era Essay The progressive era was a thirty-year period in which the United States was completely reformed. Actions were taken to improve working conditions for laborers and women. President Roosevelt and Wilson were both reformers for the rights and voice of the people. Theodore Roosevelt used his presidency to put regulations of businesses and make sure the government is still higher than corporations. Individual Reformers and the government in the progressive era went through a great deal to bring about change in the united states, with teddy Roosevelt’s trust-busting and political reform, improvement of laborers and goods, and the restrictions of child labor and women rights. Teddy Roosevelt became known as the great trustbuster. He didn’t get this name for no reason. Roosevelt could identify which trusts were good and which were bad. He could determine which trusts helped the people and which ones hurt them. Roosevelt would hunt down the bad trusts and take them down. He would destroy the bad trusts and restrain the good trusts from becoming bad trusts. Roosevelt believed that the government should police the corporations of America. (A). He took the Sherman Anti-trust act and enforced it so that companies could price their products and make sure not one company could not take control of the market. He did this by creating the Clayton anti-trust act to keep regulations on anti-competiveness. (E) Roosevelt also believed in changing the ways that politicians were elected. Senators in particular were being corrupted because officials were appointing them. He believed that the US senate was just a club basically for high privileged people. This lead to the passage of the seventeenth amendment which said that direct election of senators was to be the new way of choosing who would be in the US Senate. (D) This amendment got the people involved even more with politics and gave them more of a say in government. Politically the government was reformed with the US senate, and the trust busting and making sure that the government was a police force to big corporations. Laborers in the progressive era had it rough. They were not treated with respect, or the consideration that they deserve. The goods that were produced were not of quality and contained harmful hazardous materials. Upton Sinclair was a muckraker who wrote The Jungle, a book about the horribleness of the meatpacking industry. The meatpacking industry was a brutal and unsanitary way of life. The people who worked in the industry were subjected to disease such as tuberculosis and terrible working conditions. The workers were ignorant of the relationship of disease and cleanliness. They didn’t understand that a working condition should be clean and not filled with disease. A lot of the workers had tuberculosis while they worked, and it would get in the meat that they work with, which provided for unsafe meat for people to eat. (B) In other businesses it was just the same. Labors were never treated fairly. Up until recently laborers were not even allowed to go on strike. The government was not helping people; they were staying out of business affairs. Up until the age of reform, and the progressive era. The government was then trying to help out laborers and give them rights. Child laborers and women’s rights were also two big things that came up during the progressive era. Children were expected to work alongside grown men. They were subjected to the same harsh conditions as the adults. Children were not able to be educated because they had to work in the factories. A lot of children only went to school for a short time. The educators acted as if the industrial work was good for children. So children had to go through terrible disease ridden conditions of work. C) The children were not helped by the case of Hammer vs. Dagenhart which ruled that child labor is not a government problem; it is to be judged by the state legislatures. Even some parents felt like it was their kids duty to work, and that the children should work. (G) Eventually however the children were set free from the bondage of labor. But women were still subjected to discrimination. Women at this time didn’t have very many rights. Women want to be treated equally and to have a say in government. Women suffrage was big at this time. They felt like they could not do anything with the life that they had. So they pushed for reform, which was not happening at this time. It was unusual since the progressive era was a big reforming time. (H) The progressive era was a time of great change for the US. It came in the political with the trust busting and the senate voting, it came in the improvement of laborers, and it came in the way child laborers were treated and the women movement. The progressive era was big and it made people really understand what the US was all about.

A Review On Nelson Mandela History Essay

A Review On Nelson Mandela History Essay Nelson Mandela, the first democratic South Africa president was not just a great leader due to her leadership skills and traits, but also because he was a leader with a vision, persistence and courage. He is considered one of the greatest leaders of 21st century and a hero to many for his actions and personality. Nelson is a great leader, a leader other modern leaders need to emulate, if they need to fight corruption and provide the best leadership to those below them. Nelson Mandela aka Madiba was a leader by birth and a leader to the end as until today many people see him as a leader although retired. In his first year in Fort Hare University, he started involving himself in the council representing students, called SRC, which was opposing harsh and unfair policies in the University. After retiring in 1999, he went ahead and formed organizations to help other people mostly those with HIV in South Africa. Mandela was a leader with a vision that he ensured it was fulfilled no matter the hindrances. During his trial, he said that he had fought the dominion of white and that of black people and he was ready to die to ensure that all people had the same rights, irrespective of their race. During his 27 years in jail, he continued to influence and fight apartheid through his wife Winnie Mandela. He even studied a bachelor in law from London External Program University while still in the prison with no hope of when he was to be released. In all times, Mandela was a leader who sacrificed himself for the benefit of other. He sacrificed his youth and life to fight against racialism. At age of 20, he was still involved in fighting apartheid. He even went to jail for 27 years just because of his stand of equal rights to white, black and colored people. After being in jail for 27 years for his country, he became the president for only four years and then retired in order to give chance for another leader to lead South Africa (Klerk, 2). Moreover, he even sacrificed his good peaceful retirement just to cater for those people with HIV and AIDs and those poor. These are great sacrifices that not all leaders mostly todayà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s leaders can be able to do just for the sake of those under them. An influential characteristic was one of his traits. To support this, when he was in first year, he was ordered to leave the University due to his involvement in boycotts and his great influence which the university saw as a threat. They even black mailed him by asking him to be elected in SRC if he wanted to remain a student in the university. Another indication that he is an influential person is that still when in prison, he was able to gain supporters both inside and outside the prison with the help of his wife Winnie. When he came out of prison, all people with one voice wanted him to become the president even the former president, as he was able to convince all that he was indeed the leader they were looking for. Mandela leadership skills were unique, as for him, he led from behind. This is a skill he learned from a tribal king called Jongintaba who raised him. The king, when in a tribal meeting, he would let all the other leaders speak and then he would speak putting in place what the other leaders had said. In modern leadership, people want a leader that will listen to their needs and pleads and hence act accordingly to what all or most of those under them want. When as a president, many activist tried to opposed his leadership mostly concerning the matter of how he approached the HIV pandemic in South Africa, Mandela never tried to prove them wrong by then, he waited till he retired and that when he started organizations to help people living with HIV/AIDS. He let people criticize his actions but he had plans on the best way to curb those problems (Stengel, 9). Mandela was a leader that never broke his promises and fought for what was just ethically but not by law. In support of this, from his youth, he fought for equality to all and opposed dominion by any race even his own. He stood by this mission and even when he became the president, he greatly influenced black people not to hate white people for all they had done to them. To emphasize on this, during Rugby World Cup in 1994, he led black people to support South African team that they greatly hated because it was dominated by whites. He even handed over the trophy, after springboks won the finals, to the captain of the team who was called Pioneer while wearing his jersey although the player was white. This was a great move in reconciliation of black and white South Africans. Simplicity is a trait that is essential to all good leaders and this is a trait that Nelson Mandela had. During his life in prison, Mandela was able to form daily habits like athletes and good eating regimes, habits that he have maintained over the years. The results of this have led to him being alive up to date with over 93 years of age. Still in support of this, Mandela is one of the few leaders that maintained their stature, visions and integrity even after becoming president while other many freedom fighters, ended up being dictators and manipulating power for their own sake. This have made him to be hailed as one of the greatest moral leader even leading to him being honored with over 200 awards in just four decades, including the most treasured Nobel Peace Prize in 1993. He has also being honored with over 50 international degrees from different countries. All this credit has being because he maintained his humbleness and visions to the end (Jong, 4). Nelson Mandela, even when others saw no hope ahead, he never gave up. This is a trait that a good leader should have as all other followers see them as role models. Even when in a political prison, with harsh conditions like hard labor, very few visits, inadequate food and segregation in accordance with races, Nelson never gave up, even after all those years in prison. His spirit was still alive during his life in prison, this led to him studying law in prison and influencing those young activist that were black and imprisoned in Robben Island on how to curb the apartheid. His dream to become the person to bring equality to all no matter the challenges was finally achieved when he was elected as the first democratic president of South Africa even when being at age of 75 (Mandela, 129). He was a passionate leader and a risk taker. After coming back to prison and being separated from the others who had being his friend for the last 20 years, Mandela opposed their move to riot due to his separation. He told them there may be some good that was to come out of that. This separation helped him to have negotiation in 1985 with the government in power operating apartheid. To many other activists that saw him as a leader, they started opposing his move. They even termed his actions as a move to sell them out. To help gain other imprisoned activist support, he launched a campaign persuading other ANC activist that what he was doing was the right thing to do. Deliberately and slowly, he brought all this people along with his idea. This led to all things changing and for apartheid to be abolished ( Brick, 4) Moreover, he organized and raised money to support his campaigns from outside countries, a move that led to his imprisonment. That was an act requiring courage and that was risky, knowing that it could lead to him being imprisoned for lifetime, but he went along and did it. While other activist looked on the best way to end apartheid in short run, Mandela was always focusing on the best way to end apartheid with minimal bloodshed even if it was to be achieved in long run. To him leadership and victory was not a matter of principle but a matter of tactics. With the knowledge of when precisely and how to change between the many roles he had in hand as a diplomat, politician, Marty and a warrior, he created a non-racial south African country after overthrowing apartheid. While many reached a time and saw bloodshed as done by other independent countries in Africa as the only option to end apartheid and colonialism, to him he saw it as the time to engage in peaceful negotiation with the government to ensure justice to all and loss to none. To another trait to support the argument, Nelson was a transformation leader. While many leader go into negotiation with a move to trade one thing with another even with their followers, Nelson was a visionary leader who seek appealing to his followers to change their intentions and plans and move with him to a better universal purpose and need. In short he was an agent of change. Another trait that makes Nelson Mandela a great leader is that he was a learner not a teacher. By this I mean that, he accepted that he did not know all and allowed to learn from others that had skills. When young he learned from the tribal leader on the best way to rule. When in prison he studied law to increase his knowledge on law and ways to govern. Moreover, he listened to other activist views in order to learn on what all wanted to achieve in the end. The teaching he gave to the activist was to help them see his vision in a different perspective where they could achieve what they wanted without even shedding blood and causing mayhem and havoc. Even when he went to negotiations with the government, he was able to convince the others and let them see things as he was seeing them. Nelson Mandela also had a charismatic personality in that when others were afraid of the future or looked on the negative side of things, he encouraged them to look on the positive side of things. When he was to be separated from his long friends and activists in prison, as his friends planned to riot, he opposed their move and encouraged them that there was some good that could arise from that and they trusted him. Moreover, when he was taken to jail for sabotage, people started losing hope to the end of apartheid but his assurance and advice kept their spirit on. All his life, Mandela has show courage ever since he was a young boy. During his circumcision, he expressed his courage and was even offered a name Dalibunga meaning Bungha founder, a body that ruled Transkei traditionally. Even when found guilty of sabotage, he never feared to go in prison and he said that he was even ready to die for justice and equality of all. Moreover he never feared engaging in talks with the government, a move that could lead to him being killed or rejected by his own people if it failed. To him, he never feared to fail. It was better to try and fail than not to try at all. Even before going to prison, when ANC was banned after the government saw the success it had, Mandela and other activist came up with a risky decision by continuing with ANC underground as nonviolence movements could not work anymore. This risky act made Mandela go to prison but in a great way, it inspired many others to help in preparing the country for a change. A unique character that Mandela had was that, he was and still is generous. This is a trait that makes leaders better as they end up putting those under them in limelight as they go on with their duties. For Mandela, after retiring in 1999 from politics, he became involved in various human and social rights organizations. Since then he has facilitated building of many schools and even helped those living with HIV. Another indication of his generosity is when he retired from president office only after four years even after being in jail for over two decades. After completing his mission to unite all South African people to become one no matter their races and abolishing apartheid, his mission was over and hence he retired for another leader to take over which was Thambo Mbeki. For his entire life, generosity was the reason why people loved him so much and adored him. In a great way his success to lead others can be contributed to his tactfully use of consensus. With consensus, better and more supported decisions are made hence building motivation and commitment in the members of that group toward achieving the set objectives. Over his life as a leader, he has involved other subordinates to come up with the best policies and actions for all. In conclusion, although each and every person has his weakness and failures in life, Nelson Mandela is a human too and hence eligible to the same weaknesses. With him failing to help some people when they needed him and making remarks not pleasing to all, he still stands as one of the greatest leaders of our time with the reason being that, over his life he have sacrificed a lot and done a lot than very many leaders have done. He has ended up fulfilling his missions and plans and even correcting the little mistakes he may have made. Even after very many years, Nelson Mandela will be seen as to be a great leader. Work cited Brick A. Nelson Mandela. 7 June 1998. 17 March 2011 . Jong. Nelson Mandela Introduction and Contribution. A Great leader (2009): 4. Klerk, De. biography of Nelson Mandela. 13 August 1993. 17 March 2011 . Mandela, Nelson. Long Walk to Freedom. Johnersberg: Little brown and company, 1995. 129. Stengel, Richard. Mandelas 8 Lessons of leadership. Mandela (2008): 9.

Hotel Industry Of Georgetown In Penang Island Malaysia Tourism Essay

Hotel Industry Of Georgetown In Penang Island Malaysia Tourism Essay Human resources management seems like to become an important issue in all the industry nowadays. Human resources management has been various defined by the scholar. Effort that taken to make sure that the policies, procedure, and system of attracting, selecting, developing, and retaining the best employees are consistence with the firm business strategies and account for the dynamic condition within the firms competitive markets to support strategic and functional alignment (cf. Wright Snell, 1998; Way, 2006; Way Johnson, 2005) Human resources management in hospitality industry is different with the human resources practices that practices by the other industry. Human resources management in hospitality and tourism industry stresses more on The Diamond Services Model (Tesone 2005, 14). The Diamond Services Model states that four aspect need to be taken into consideration in the management of human resources which include the fiscal responsibilities of the organization, the services excellent offered to all the stakeholders, the social responsibilities of the stakeholders particularly to the customers and employees and finally the employee relations in the organization (Shariff, 2007). Overview of hotel industry in Georgetown, Penang Island In recent year, the hotel industry is growing greatly in the global and this phenomenon consists in Malaysia. This industry is providing services to tourist and customers who come for stay or holiday; its also providing employment opportunities to people. The following shows hotel rating at years of 2007 and 2010 in Malaysia. According to the Table 1 and 2, it shows the years of 2007 and 2010 which are the total number hotel in Malaysia. The total number hotel in Table 1 is 624 hotels and the total number shown in Table 2 is 801 hotels. It has shown increasing to 177 hotels after 3 years. This means that hotel industry is increasing rapidly in 3 years. In Penang area also increases rapidly after 3 years. Table 1 show the total number of hotel in Penang is 45 hotels in year 2007 and 55 hotels in year 2010. It has shown increased 10 hotels after 3 years. The Pearl of Orient has many attract destination for tourists. The most famous destination of the state is Georgetown which is located at the northeastern tip of the island is the seat of administration and is also the commercial hub of the state. This city is listed as heritage site by UNESCO in these few years. Moreover, it also is hub of commercial. This bustling metropolitan city combines the old buildings and heritage and affected by different foreign influences into colorful its history. Its multiracial population contributes also to a wealth of cultural attractions and festive celebrations for visitors to witness and enjoy. These factors are affecting the growth of hotel industry in Georgetown. The most famous hotels in Georgetown, Penang include G Hotel, Cheong Fatt Tze Mansion, Sunway Hotel Georgetown Penang, and Dorsett Penang Hotel. Those are four stars above hotels. Best hotel operation with provide best services and quality facilities for customers, employees are playing the important role in the hotel operation. Kasavana and Brooks (2001), the function of each hotel department can be summarized as front office, housekeeping, food and beverage, sales and marketing, accounting division, engineering and maintenance, security, and human resource. Many responsibilities and play in important role of each department in a hotel, so the best methods of recruitment and selection practices are essentials to hire the best employees. The task of human resources department in hotel to deals matters of employees especially in recruitment and selection practices to employment. Differ abilities are needed for differ task in hotel. Hence, the practices not only used, but the skills, knowledge, and experiences are also needed in emergency situation. Problem statement The problem of this study is limited literature on Malaysia hotel industry recruitment and selection practices. It is lack of attach importance to recruitment and selection practices. Different hotel industry has different type of recruitment and selection of employment. Variation in hotel size, location, and ownership makes the prescription of a best practice selection model problematic (Medlik, 1989). Therefore, this is a problem of this study in the hotel industry and it is lack of information about the practices in the industry. Limited literature on recruitment and selection of employment caused by diversity job position and job characteristic of variety hotel in Malaysia so couldnt specify process of recruitment and selection decision making in the hotel industry. Moreover, with less literature on recruitment and selection practices, most of hotel industry in Malaysia to recruit candidate for vacancy job, majority of hotels are base on skills, experience, and knowledge about ho tel industry and to select best employee and suitability of job vacancy position, but not adopt the practices only. Research question This study of recruitment and selection practices in hotel industry of Penang. The role of research question in study is gained more information and details to assist in research. First research question in this study is how do Penang hotels recruit their employees? The recruitment methods include internal search, external search, and outsourced search. What is the meaning of the internal search, external search, and outsourced search? According of the methods, selectors should find out the best and qualitative method to recruitment and suitability candidates and seek talents for the job vacancy. The recruitment method has adopted in hotel industry of Penang to recruit their employees and what is common method of recruitment in the hotel. Next is how do Penang hotels select their employees after recruitment? After selectors recruit the qualified candidates, selection practice is needed to select potential applicants they wish to hire. With the selection activities in differ position job vacancy, the differ selection activities should be utilize. There are applications, interviews, pre-employment testing, background checks, and references. The major activities to undertaken when screening employees for possibility selection and easier to choose talent to suitability position. The selection activities should utilize in differ job vacancy in Georgetown and choose the common activity for being select employees. Objective The purpose of this study is importance of develop efficiency method of recruitment and selection for seek qualified employees. Based on this purpose, the factors must considered by selectors prior to planning and recruiting their hotels employees recruitment. The method of practices will bring good or bad aftereffect and it must be related to the jobs after choose the employees. Therefore, the selectors cannot just use sole method in recruitment and selection practices. Multiple methods could seek a potential employee or talent to competence of the position. Differences of recruitment and selection practices depend on different size and type of each hotel. All hotels are a reliance on either formal or informal methods to select with the candidate qualities identified as desirable. This is because every method may become a chosen for selectors or employers in order to make a right decision of employment. To manage a hotel with strategy in hotel management and may be linked to other factors which directly shape practice. The study identifies different between ownership, situation and department in the hotel and management structures and explains recruitment and selection process. Impacts occurring from adopt of idealized models of recruitment and selection, such as impacts of hotel industry and overall of country. Variables The main variable in this study is different methods in recruitment such as internal search, external search, and outsourced search. In addition, the variable in this study is the different recruitment methods which are choose will bring different affect in some aspect such time and cost consume. Besides that, variety of selection staff such walk-in interview, application, testing and so on. This is also includes in the variables. These selection methods are different characteristic for each one. Therefore, selectors may obtained more detail and information of the applicants through those methods. Definition of terms Definition of hotel Hotel is place of take rest for travels and living along the travel routes in a room (lodging) and meals (food and beverage) offered. Hotel is a place of paid to offer lodging on short-term period and provides basic facilities and services such as beds, pillows, private bathroom, air conditioner, housekeeping, and cleanliness room service, and additional facilities that restaurant, swimming pool, and meeting room. In general, hotel is a place of establish commercial with providing lodging, meals, facilities, and services, and addition. Definition of recruitment Recruitment, usually known as organization is offer a job vacancy and hiring people for job vacancy or a process of generating a pool of qualified candidates for a position. It is also a process of inducing people to apply a job and decide move people who have interest in position offered to organization. There are three types of recruitment methods to recruit employees. Those are internal, external, and outsourced searches that are needed before hire suitability employees. Job requirement is considered important for the organization to have a preparation beforehand. Method of Recruitment Internal search Internal search is a process of a promotion-from-within approach that is utilized when seeking best employees for job vacancy. It is also known as the in-house recruitment in an organization. The internal search undertaken when organization believes that the best candidates for upper-level positions such as seeking front-office manager for front-office department will be found among those currently employees internal the hotel. This type of recruitment is less costly from organization since transfer employees from inside organization. Additional, this can motivate the staff to work in effort and build-up them to career prospects but excellent candidates outside the organization unavailable to apply and also cause infighting among the workforce. Internal search is mostly for tourism and hospitality organization because the internal employees are very familiar about the task and environment of this kind organization. External search With an approach to seeking the best applicants for the job vacancy that major focus on those candidates who are not currently employees in the organization. In general, it is also defines to the recruitment taking from outside of organization. External search may occur of informal or formal methods. The organization is seeking external candidates with rely on various strategies such advertisements, public and private employment assistance agencies, educational institutions (college or university), and unsolicited applications and so on. For hotel industry, external search may create new ideas, knowledge and experience from outside candidates for the organization. On the other hand, this could lower the effort of internal candidates and also may take longer period for new employees such offer training program to them. Outsourced search This search is organizations seeking for job candidates that are performed by a professional company such executive search firm specializing in employees searches. The executive search firm is which is kind of finding the potential candidates for the job in organizations. The organization can use to find the qualification that they are looking for through this method. Mostly, the executive search firms will identify potential candidates for the position needed from their list and advise their clients about best candidates available that they are looking for. The following steps are contact them to do preliminary step. These firms are usually help the organization to seeking out the potential candidates with proper skills and the candidates can fit well with the position in organization such seek out a candidate is fully experience and knowledge in food and beverage for position of FB manager. Definition of selection The selection practice in hire a new employees is a crucial decision. It is a chosen of crucial after selectors have assembled a pool of qualified candidates and they must make a decision to select the best candidates who they want to hire. The below are major activities to utilized when choosing suitable employees. Applications Application is usually used as a guide for the applicant to know what are needed by the organization. It consists of name, address, work experience, and related information about the applicant. Generally, get information about the questions asked on them should focus exclusively on job qualifications. It is clarity and introduces of applicants and need not to be complex. Organization using this method to provide the opportunity as ice-breaking with the applicant produces interview. Interview Interview is a process selection and it interact the selectors or employers with the applicant possibility. The application or resume is submitted, some applicants would be selected for the interview section. It is involves interview with many candidates and second or next interview will be coming. The organization may easier and clarify to get information of the applicants which has not listed in the application or resume. To illustrate, the common information could get in interview section those are past experience, education background, qualifications, current position and employment, expectation of future, and reason to seeking new job and make chosen to the organization and so on. Pre-employment Testing It is a common way to improve qualification of recruitment process. The meaning is all the applicants who would like to selected and gain the job in the organization; they should get the testing pass. The organization using the test results to measure the relative strength of applicants. Skills tests, psychological test, and drug screening tests are usually related in hospitality industry. The skills tests may include typing tests, computer testing, and food production tasks. Those are common skills required in some department of hospitality industry. Psychological testing can include personality tests, performance predictor tests or mentality test. For both of tests is importance to testing abilities of applicants. Drug screening test is allowance in most states. A drug-free environment can attract best qualification applicants and bring a higher-quality workplace. In the hotel industry, drug-free environment could ensure safety of customers and attract more business opportunity. Background Checks Background checks should be specifically on individual background to obtain information that relates directly to individual for employment. Recently, hospitality employers are utilizing background checks before employment in selected position. This method most commonly used such criminal history, credit reports, driving records, academic credentials and licenses. Criminal records of applicants should be checked before hiring. There is a possibility that the person could create significant safety or security risks for each one. Credit reports include financial information such payment history, amounts owed, liens and so on. Driving records is regarding available of motor vehicle records and information about traffic violations and license status. Academic credentials such schools attended, degree awarded, and transcript those should be verified a level education is necessary for particular job. Licenses such current status and expiration dates, should be obtained if it is required for position. Background checks are used as a screening device does involve some responsibilities by employers but also some responsibilities. Employers or selectors are only search information that has a directly behavior on the position for candidates. Reference Reference is sought information or comments from past employers about the employees previous work performance. The benefits are being truthful about previous employees is widely thought to be heavily outweighed by the potential liability associated with such honesty and sincerity. This method is very popular tool to use but it is more difficult to obtain on nowadays. Delimitation The delimitations of this study are time and place. In the study, the delimitation of time is year of 2011 and the place is Georgetown in Penang. The delimitation of time is year 2011 because the industry hotel is growing soon at the time. The delimitation of place is Georgetown Penang; the reason is this city is a lot of history attraction and high commerce combined in the place and it is a venue of prosperity and harmony so this is one of the choice tourists to visit, thus it is also brought many benefits into the hotel industry. Signification of study The advantages will be bringing from best employees in the hotel industry. The importance role of this study: Penang is a famous place in Malaysia, especially is George Town, it is listing as heritage site by UNESCO. According to Lee, Lim, and Aini (2008), Penang has submitted a joint application with Melaka to be listed on the UNESCO World Heritage City List in 2005. Therefore, famous hotel of good quality service and facilities provided to improve good image of Malaysia. From this way, most tourist need stay in hotel during they travel in this city so the best employees in hotel are role in crucial and they should provide good service, facility, and environment to foreign that would be increase good image to them and gain much positive respond to Malaysia. Offer recruitment of job vacancy which can reduce unemployment and crime rate in Malaysia. The hotel industry is increasing in recently and job vacancy offered and potential employees needed to recruit. Accordingly, the job vacancy is a good opportunity to jobless people and the crimes such rob and illegal business would be decreasing at the same time. Recruitment can seek talents and train them to be professional in hotel industry either internal or external search. Seek and train talents to be professional of hotel can brought the benefits for each department and add more business opportunity and challenge in hotel industry. Quality selection of staff is increasing foreign exchange and attracts more foreign investment in hotel industry to improve Malaysias economic. Government and private enterprise should cooperate together to give fully support for hotel industry in order to attract more foreign investment in Georgetown and whole of Malaysia. Not only increase investment and economic for our country, also obtain opportunities of cooperation and increase more relationship with foreign country through hotel industry development. Recruitment and selection can get more information about wellbeing of employees to reduce turnover and fulfill satisfaction them in hotel. Turnover is common issue faced by hotel industry. High turnover rate became by many factors and some factors are regarding salary, environment, and welfare provided. In selection process such in applications and interview section, employer could obtain more details of applicants such salary and work place expectation. These will be fulfilling applicant in work place prior to employment. In hotel industry, these methods can satisfy all employees of each department prior to start working and easier to appease employees feeling by employers or managers in each department. Employees also may understand more regulation and rules of hotel through these methods. The hotel industry also should base on staff skill, experience, and knowledge to choosing qualified employees. Selectors could hire good employees through recruitment and selection process but they incomprehension of employees skill and performance during working. Therefore, the selectors also need to base on scope of employees capabilities and adopt process of employment-test. The employment test is pen and paper test to evaluate knowledge of task such as calculation for cashiering skills. Practical test in the task, technical skill of chefs and housekeeping experience, it is also importance. Literature review Introduction From the literature it is proven that the human resource development found within hotel industry are not unique and sole opinions from each one researcher. Hotel operates in the industry within different classification. Stutts and Wortman (2006), the hotel industry is so complex and diverse and can be classified based on quality of facilities and services provided, target market and type of services delivered to the guests. Therefore, hotel is operation depends on its star rating, size, facilities provided, target market, and location. Yusof, Razak, Radha, and Hamid (2010) identified, Malaysia Association of Hotels (MAH) operates on 1 March 1974 and it was established by a group of concerned and dedicated operators of hotels to bring about more information of hospitality industry. The main purpose of MAH is to provide information for human resource development provider. Additional, MAH to upgrade the skills and knowledge of employees in the hotel industry in Malaysia. Human resource department is played an importance role in each hotel. Human resource department needs to responsibility for developing good service to customer and the interaction between employee and customer. The service encounter in tourism and hospitality organization involves an interpersonal transaction which takes place between customers in a complex human delivery system (Shariff, 2007). Furthermore, the management is also interaction between employers and employees. Johnson (1998) identified the management of the relationship between the employer and employee. The human resource department is focused on all departments in hotel and responsibility to hire employees. Goldsmith et. al., 1997, 2 determined a source of potential instability as far as the process of employee relations is concerned. A research of Goldsmith et al., 1997; Schneider and Bowen, 1995 determined the effectiveness of service organizations is often linked with the individual qualities of their employees. That is mean of quality service provided, not just focus on high star rating of hotel but the attitude and performance of employees also need to focus. Training process is crucial after hire the employees to increase the employees service quality but the recruitment and selection process are importance prior to start working. Research paper 2004 established by Lockyer and Scholarios (2004) indicated in their research that a best practices approach to human resource recruitment and selection might not always work in an optimal fashion within the hotel sector. In their paper they discuss how standard human resource procedures for the recruitment and selection processes are not always adequate when dealing with seasonal staffing challenges. The behavior of employees also need to paid attention during the practices is going on. Researchers Raub and Streit (2006) propose that, based upon their findings, recruiters need to be open, honest, and realistic in their recruitment efforts. This is ensuring safety of guest when the employees are serving them and reputation of hotel. Magd (2003) identifies that hospitality industry managers need to give serious consideration to employing older workers. Older workers represent a mature, pragmatic, and capable labor pool. They can project a positive image, are strong communicators, have good time flexibility; tend to be more employer loyal and are more likely to show up for work as required. The older workers had having more knowledge and experience than new employees. Therefore, new employees should cooperate with older workers to learn more experience and skill from them. The selection literature recommends the development of job and person specifications and the use of reliable and valid methods based on detailed job analysis, even for small businesses (Hunter and Schmidt, 1982). Therefore, the selection practice also is importance in the produces. Hayes and Ninemeier (2008) identified of importance of applications, interviews, testing, background checks, and references that human resource managers undertake when screening employees for possible selection. The selection literature recommends the development of job and person specifications and the use of reliable and valid methods based on detailed job analysis, even for small businesses (Hunter and Schmidt, 1982). These are show after assembled a pool of qualified candidates and comprehension in deeply to select the applicant wish to hire. Ineson and Brown, 1992; Law and Wong, 1997 determined it, in the hotel industry; however, there is little evidence of systematic selection practice to identify qu ality service characteristics. Some evidence exists for the systematic use of structured interviews and biographical data in larger and chain hotels. The selection practice cannot be ignoring, but the recruitment process should be utilized beforehand. Shariff (2007) identified recruitment is the process of searching for and identifying job candidates in sufficient quantity and quality to meet the organizations human resource needs. Hayes and Ninemeier (2008) discuss differentiate between the actions human resource managers take when selecting to conduct internal, external, or outsourced searches for qualified employees. Conceptual framework Selection Recruitment Application Interview Pre-employment testing Background checks

Comparing Functionalist and Traditional Marxist Perspectives on Crime E

There are many theories on why crime exists as well has who is committing the crimes and the underlying reasons behind it The two main perspectives being Traditional Marxist and Functionalist both with different views they share very little in common, however they do agree that society shapes the individual and not the individual that shapes society. What is meant by that is that we are all products of our upbringings and learn through socialisation what our beliefs are, what we agree on personally and often shared beliefs and the understanding of what is 'the norm; through our primary interaction with others beginning at home and continuing onto schooling and work. Our beliefs aren't always set in stone and can change through time and growth and the interaction with others once outside the family domain. There are many explanations beginning with Durkheim who was a functionalist, there is Merton who doesn't totally agree with Durkheim but adopted his theory on 'Anomie' and made it his own. In addition there is Hirschi whose theories mirrored that of Durkheim's and before concluding, Marxist view on crime will be looked at. The Functionalist view on crime and society is likening it to the human body to explain it functions. The body has it organs whereas society has it institutions. Functionalists have an interest in the functions of crime, hence the name and are interested in how crime contributes to society as a whole. There is a belief that society is based on consensus or agreement of shared beliefs and values of what is considered to be 'the norm', the views hare then passed on through socialisation. Share values and beliefs o... ... be deviant within a corporate structure although should it occur it is highly unlikely the public would be made aware of it. However the question of mental state of an individual hasn't even been raised by any of the sociologists to explain why a person may offend. Merton seemed to make a lot of sense but there seemed to be something missing in his explanations on why crime exists why some commit and others don't, perhaps the reality is there is no definite answer on why it exists. BIBLOGRAPHY Durkheim, E (1985/1987) Suicide: A Study in Sociology, London: Routledge Erikson, K J. (1966) Wayward Puritans, New York: Wiley Hirschi, T. (1969) Causes of delinquency, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press Merton, R. (1938) Social Structure and Anomie, American Sociological Review, Vol 3, 672-683

Government and Politics - The Atheist Civil-Liberty Union :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

The Atheist Civil-Liberty Union      Ã‚  Ã‚   The American Civil Liberties Union has a public agenda, and that agenda appears to be this: to make the United States in all her public manifestations reflect an atheist's view of the nation's founding and continuing existence. Is it item #84 on the ACLU's published agenda that calls for the elimination of "In God We Trust" from our coins? "Under God" must also be torn from the Pledge of Allegiance. The Commandments given Moses must never appear as public symbols. This nation must so thoroughly appear to be atheist in public as to be, in fact, and for all practical purposes, atheist in all public spheres.    The sweet air of liberty must be replaced with an invisible gas that detects, exterminates, and suffocates any breath that would expel a religious word in public life. Publicly, religion must be totally repressed, so that soon only atheists will find the public atmosphere comfortable.    The accommodation this nation long ago reached between believers and nonbelievers must be abandoned. Religion shall be banned from all public appearances under government auspices, until it is totally squeezed down into private life, underground. There, harmless, it can survive as long as it may.    Ideally, some atheists have written and many have heavily implied, religion will perish forever. Its vanishing will free the planet from divisiveness, intolerance, hatred, persecution, and the desire to sweep alternative views from public existence. Secularism, the world's best hope for tolerance, will then rule triumphant, sweetly, having driven its foes from every inch of public existence.    To save the world from intolerance, the ACLU must be rigorously intolerant.    Atheism is a long-term project. It is not completed when one ceases believing in God. It is necessary to carry it through until one empties from the world all the conceptual space once filled by God. One must also, for instance, abandon the conviction that the events, phenomena, and laws of the world we live in (those of the whole universe) cohere, belong together, have a unity. What is born from chance may be ruled by chance, quite insanely.    Most atheists one meets, however, take up a position rather less rigorous. To the big question - Did the world of our experience, with all its seeming intelligibility and laws, come into existence by chance, or by the action of an agent that placed that intelligibility there in the first place?

Comparing T.S. Eliot and Charles Dickins :: essays papers

Comparing TS Eliot and Charles Dickins The poetry written by Thomas Stearns Eliot, Portrait of a Lady has a strong connection with the novel by Henry James. Both deal with almost the same issues. In the poem Eliot talks about how a person will live his or her life during the 19th century. How they would always do exactly what was considered right during that era in society. Eliot mention how rare and strange it is to find true friends. In the novel everyone pretend to be your best friend and was only using the person to benefit something for his or her own convections (Lozano, 2). You do not know how much they mean to me, My friends, and how, How rare and strange it is, to find In a life composed so much, So much of odds and ends (Eliot 19-21). Many people during the 19th century really made friends so that they can have more people coming to their tea parties, one of the things that are mention in the poem as well as in the novel (Lozano, 3). Isabel Archer was considered to be a very innocent lady; she was being taken advantage so that others can get what they wanted when all she wanted was a real friend. Madame Merle was a clever woman who used her to get money for her daughter (Henry, 181). Repeatedly saying in this poem that he will serve tea to his â€Å"friends†. He is saying that in this era there was no such thing as a real friend even though everyone wanted one of his or her own. For everybody said so, all our friends, They all were sure our feelings would relate So closely! I myself can hardly understand. We must leave it now to fate.

History of Womens Football in England Essay

I have chosen to do my essay about the history of women’s football in England. I’ve chosen to write about this because it is a topic which I am interested in as I play for a girl’s football team inside school and out. Also I would like to find out more about women’s football and where and when it all started. In this essay you will find out about the basic history of women’s football heading all the way back from 1895 to present day. I will also write a comparison between men’s football and women’s and share my opinion about 1895-1920 On the 6th April 1895 the first ever women’s football game took place at Preston Park, Brighton. The event was organised to raise funds for local medical charities. In the match North beat South 7-1. Up to 1920 no more women’s matches took place until the first women’s international game when Dick Kerr’s English ladies took on the French Ladies. The result was a 2-0 victory to England; this game had a huge audience of 25,000 people. On Boxing Day 1920 a match took place between Preston and St Helens, Preston winning 4-0. It was the biggest crowd to date for a women’s match with 53,000 spectators. 1921 In 1921 another big match was supposed to take place between London and Paris. This match never went ahead due to the FA. The FA issued a ban against womens football. They stated ‘the game of football is quite unsuitable for females and ought not to be encouraged’. This meant any women caught playing football on the grounds of an affiliated club would be punished for breaking the law. Many women were disgusted by the decision and thought it was very unfair to do this. If I was around in this time I would also be very aggravated by the decision and I would be offended that they still allow men to play. 1969-1971 After 48 years of womens football being banned women wanted to change this. They started to become very annoyed a started campaigning. After a few campaigns 44 women got together to form The Womens Football Association (WFA). They were hoping that they would slowly gain back the right to play womens football. Two years later in 1971 the FA council lifted the ban against women which allowed women to play football once again. It had been fifty years since they had been allowed to play so they knew that the game would be no longer as popular as it was and it would take a while to get it back to the way it was. Not long after the ban was lifted women were advertising for football teams all around the country. 1991-1994 Since 1971 womens football slowly grew bigger and bigger with many small local leagues playing all around the country. In 1991 the WFA launched a national league. It started off with 24 clubs from all around the country it was pretty similar to the womens league we have today. Two years later they found that the league had been very successful so the WFA decided to host a cup competition. In 1993 the WFA held a national cup competition with 137 teams entering from across the nation. Womens football was slowly becoming bigger and gaining popularity. In 1994 the FA took on the administration of the Womens Nation League and the League Cup competition. The league then became The FA Womens Premier League (FAWPL). 1997-1998 In 1997 the FA decided that they were going to develop womens football from the grassroots to the elite level. This meant that more young girls could get involved to gain popularity. In 1998 the first 20 Centres of Excellence were established for young girls. Sponsors were gained for the league and the cup competitions; this raised the profile of the women’s game. Also in 1998 Hope Powell was appointed as the first full-time coach for the England’s Women’s international side. This was a very big thing for the nation. I think this helped the game increase its popularity because it got more people involved in the game from an early age which meant in the future decade’s womens football should be a very popular game. 1999-2002 In 1999 England entered their first Fifa World Cup. The competition was held in the USA and which saw tickets sold out for most matches and over 90,000 at the Final. There had been a competition called the Women’s World Championship. This was just like a world cup and it was held in 1991 but England didn’t participate. In 2002 researchers found that football had become the top participated sport for girls and women of England. The FA had not planned for this to happen for another 3 years, so they were well ahead of schedule. 2005-Present In 2005 the UEFA Womens Championship was held in England. The opening matches attracted around 29,000 spectators per game, with around 2.9 million people watching the games live on BBC Two. The tournament was attended by over 115,000 fans within 15 matches. England went out in the group stages, but got a lot of recognition across the nation. Since then womens football has gradually become more popular and has reached the level it is at today. I think it has done well to regain its popularity after the fifty year ban, but I don’t think it will ever get back to the popular state which it was in before the game got banned. FA’s Plan for the Future of Women’s Football The FA has many plans to increase the growth of womens football. They are introducing it to younger people across the country by holding taster days and trials for many football clubs. Also the FA is trying to expand the womens football league into two different leagues just like the men’s. Here is an extract from the article the FA released ‘The Football Association is considering introducing a two-tier Women’s Super League (WSL) in 2014. The eight teams that took part in the inaugural WSL season, which ended in August with Arsenal winning the title, have been offered new licences. Sixteen teams had initially applied for membership in 2010, with Sunderland and Nottingham Forest missing out. An FA statement said: â€Å"Plans being discussed include exploring the introduction of a second tier in 2014.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ I think this is a good idea because it will make the game become more popular across the co untry. Also with more leagues being introduced this means more spectators which will mean more money is being funded into the association. What I think of the Future of Women’s Football I think womens football has done very well to get back to where it is today due to the ban for fifty years. However, I don’t think that womens football will ever get to the stage like men’s because men’s football has had a lot more time to reach this popularity. Also there is a huge amount of money in the association and it would be practically impossible for women to get to that amount. I do think that womens football will grow bigger and younger girls will start to get involved. The only problem with this is it will take quite some time but they have to make up the time from the ban. Comparison When it comes to football men and women play the exact same game but one seems to be a lot more popular, the men’s. Men’s football was first found in 1314 which is nearly 700 years ago and womens football was first found in 1895 which is not even 120 years ago. Therefore there was 581 years between men and womens football. Somehow this has managed to affect the popularity in the game as it is very rare to find womens football on television when it is averaged that there is one male football match per week shown on television. If you wanted to be a professional footballer whatever sex you are you would get paid, but there is a significant amount of money difference between the genders. The average male Manchester City player would receive around  £86,280 per week plus bonuses and the average female Arsenal player would receive around  £3,000 per week that means that there is  £83280 different in the wages they receive each week. Opinion I think that womens football is different today than men’s because the FA banned it. I think if women were able to play football all the way through the 20th Century I think womens and men’s football would be similar in popularity and the wages. I also think that is very silly that the games are treated differently because they both play the same game, 90 minutes each week and the male are treated much better and receive the better pay when they both do the same job.

Advantages and Disadvantages of mobile phone Essay

Cell phones are a great invention and a popular way to communicate—half of all Americans and Europeans use one. They allow us to work on the go and stay in touch. When put in the hands of a teenager, however, they can have some effects of which adults should be aware. It is a common sight – cell phones (mobile phones) in the hands of people, especially teenagers. Literature has provided in-depth evidence of the uses, advantages, disadvantages, impact, consequences and concerns about the use of mobile phones. Why teenagers fancy this device, is an interesting observation where the experts attach its significance to teenagers’ identity factor. The usage of mobile phones has re-shaped, re-organised and altered several social facets. Particularly focussing on teenagers’ mobile phone usage, literature has provided evidence of them being used for both positive purposes and negative reasons. Is the gap between uses and negative impact widening? Are consequences and concerns superseding positive uses? How do parents/caregivers perceive the overall usage of mobile phones by their teenagers? Are there any solutions, possibilities and avenues to address such problems? These are the basic queries that drive this study. PACG is the acronym for parents/caregivers used in this document. Objectives: This study is centred around parents/caregivers’ (PACG) perceptions of their teenagers’ mobile phone usage: †¢ To gain an overall understanding of teenagers’ mobile phone usage (positive purposes and negative impacts) †¢ To understand the influence of texting on teenagers (such as text language on proper language, text messaging on communication skills) †¢ To understand the effects on teenagers’ physical (such as driving, health) and psychological (such as bullying, un-monitored time usage, family time) safety issues. Methods: A mixed methods approach was employed to explore the research problem. Quantitative data was collected through questionnaires (18 closed and 02 open-ended questions) and qualitative data through interviews (approximately  21 questions). The survey and interview participants were parents/caregivers of teenagers aged 13 to 19 years irrespective of their teenagers’ mobile phone possessions. They were broadly divided into seven ethnic groups. 115 PACG completed the questionnaires through survey and 07 participants from the survey sample were interviewed (one from each ethnic group). Results: Teenagers possessing mobile phone/s were 96.5% (n=111). A further breakup of age groups indicated that all the 17-19 olds had mobile phones. In addition, not possessing mobile phone/s is higher in the age bracket 15-16 year olds when compared to 13-14 olds. Chi-Square tests established significance between independent and dependent variables, in the following relationships. The results are briefly mentioned. †¢ ‘Gender’ with ‘teenagers sharing with PACG, if bullied: A high percentage of PACG said that their teenagers share with them if they are bullied. It was also evident that girls share more with PACG, if bullied, than boys do †¢ ‘Ethnicity’ with ‘Interruption of personal time with PACG’: A high percentage of PACG said that their personal time is to ‘some extent’ interrupted due to social bonding enabled by their teenagers’ mobile phone usage †¢ ‘Ethnicity’ with ‘PACG feeling secure with teenagers’ un-monitored times usage’: A high percentage of PACG said that they feel secure with their teenagers’ mobile phone usage during un-monitored times †¢ ‘Ethnicity’ with ‘PACG feeling using mobile phones while driving is risky’: A high percentage of PACG said that using mobile phones while driving is risky †¢ ‘Ethnicity’ with ‘PACG feeling to ban mobile phone use while driving’: A high percentage of PACG supported a ban to use †¢ ‘Ethnicity’ with ‘PACG feeling to have an age limit to possess a mobile phone’: More than fifty percentage of PACG supported a minimum age limit for possessing a mobile phone either by saying ‘yes’ or ‘probably’. Conclusion: Parents/caregivers of this study express both positive and negative impact towards teenagers’ mobile phone usage. On a positive note, PACG perceive that mobile phones are very useful devices for communication and co-ordination of activities. They also find that they are compulsory as they are used as safety devices especially in emergencies. Voice and text features are considered as the basic required facilities in teenagers’ mobile phones by PACG. On the negative side, PACG express that teenagers are  addicted and obsessed with texting, while some of the PACG feel that it distracts the teenagers from their study time and other important activities. Some PACG hold the service providers responsible for this because of texting plans. Bullying and abusive messages have been perceived as the major problem mediated by mobile phones. PACG express that teenagers with their mobile phones are out of control for them. They also add that teenagers lose control over the information enabled by their mobile phones. Every interviewed PACG expressed concerns on internet access via teenagers’ mobile phones. The overall findings from this study reveal that parents/caregivers’ perceptions of teenagers’ mobile phone usage are not satisfactory. Although they express a mixed opinion, they lean towards negative impacts. A very high number of interview participants expressed the view that negative impacts outweighing positive purposes with teenagers’ mobile phone usage. This further leads to recommendations from PACG on proper usage, future research, avenues and possibilities to implement solutions for problems. PACG mainly perceive that educating teenagers (on consequences and tackling issues) and providing mobile phones to teenagers from the age of 14 years (the legal age to stay home unsupervised and mature enough) will help in ameliorating the negative impacts. In addition, PACG support to ban using mobile phones while driving. These are the outcomes of the study Cell phones and mobile phones are the main invention of modern technology and also have historically been given to human beings to send messages, entertain and ultimately help them make life easier. Also, cell phones have become one of the fastest growing communication technologies. Although mobile phones have greatly facilitated people’s lives, people more and more depend on using cell phones and cannot leave it frequently, especially young people nowadays. There is no denying that cell phones bring a wide variety of benefits to teens, but it also have many negative side effects to teens no matter for their health, study habits and behaviors. Therefore, I believe that the usage of mobile phones should be limited to a wide range of teenagers because the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. To begin with, if we confine teens to use cell phones will make their campus and social life become inconvenient because cell phones allow teenagers to keep in touch not only with their friends, but also with family members, schools and emergency services. Dr. Stefania  Kalogeraki points out â€Å"mobile phones provide a direct communicative channel between teenagers and peer groups, parents and children; therefore the device enhances social interactions and bonding with peers and family†. Despite of the fact that mobile phones can be the excellent tools to stay in touch with people; it also can be a weapon for young people to hurt themselves. Cell phone becomes an addition for a large amount of teenagers around the globe, and its use by this age group has many disadvantages with short-term and long-term consequences. It also will cause lots of jumbo problems for youngsters without proper supervision and responsible use. For their health, radiation, this is the biggest issue for young people who use cell phones everywhere, every day and even every moment. Dr†¦ Cell phones are there to make communication and life much easier, but people engage regularly in multi tasking when they are behind the wheels. â€Å"Cell phones are a great invention and a popular way to communicate—half of all Americans and Europeans use one. They allow us to work on the go and stay in touch, however there are ways in which cell phones can affect teenagers† (Reynolds, 2012). It is important to understand the effects because although â€Å"parents see †¦ cell phones role as a mixed blessing for their teenagers, it can bring distressing things into their lives’’ (Lenhart, Madden, Smith, Purcell, Zickuhr & Raine, 2011). What are possible effects of cell phones on teenagers? There are several ways in which cell phones can affect teenagers, such as educational, social and health, which can all be both positive and negative. Social effects of cell phones can be sex-ting, cyberbullying and social networking. Educational effects are effects relating school and education of a teenager. Health effects are health risks and benefits for a teenager while using a cell phone. There are m any different effects of cell phones on teenagers but the most important ones that are mainly looked at are educational, social and health. This essay will cover the positive and negative educational, social and health effects of cell phones. Positive Effects of Mobile Phones Communication Convenience Mobile Phone is the best way to communicate. We can stay in touch with our  loved ones anywhere, anytime, just because of mobile phones. All thanks to their small size, lightweight, that make them portable. Entertainment Life is nothing less than a hell without any entertainment in it. Thanks to mobile phones that let us entertain while on the go. The mobile phones getting launched nowadays, come with super impressive features related to entertainment. Mobile manufacturers know it pretty well that entertainment is demand of today. This is the reason why mobile phones are nothing less than a complete portable entertainment devices. Useful in Studies and Business Mobile phones are quite useful in studies and business. In both fields, the mobile phone has become like compulsory gadget. Students can access Internet on their mobile phones while on the go, and thus can get knowledge of any topic they wish to. The business persons can keep updated with the markets up and downs, can stay in touch with their employees and clients. Work as Boon in Emergencies Just consider any emergency situation in which you want to talk to your friend, relative or anyone else? Mobile Phone is what works as boon in such situations. You might have faced any emergency situation in which mobile phone helped you, have you? Whether you have faced it or not, it’s quite easy to understand the role of mobile phones in emergencies. Boon is what we can call the mobile phones in such situations, right? Negative Effects of Mobile Phones Bad Impact on Studies The students are just addicted to mobile phones. They can be seen playing games, chatting, and talking to their friends on their mobile phones most of the times. This is the reason why they don’t get time for studies. In fact, students are more interested in wasting their time on mobile phones, rather than spending it on studying. Accident and Health Issues Most of the accidents that happen daily arise because of mobile phones. The  mobile phones have resulted in dangerous driving, whose direct impact can be seen in increasing no. of accidents. Apart from accidents, mobile phones have bad impact on health as well. Several researches conducted by the health experts have proved the bad impact of mobile phones on health. These are the positive and negative impacts of mobile phones on our lives. These is no doubt mobile is a necessity these days, but we should take care of the negative points too and use this technology accordingly. the influence of mobile technology on our lives is huge and even greater on teenagers. In the age in which they’re developing as individuals all that mobile phones birng leaves a strong trace on their growing up. The usage of mobile phones in their age should be controlled but they shouldn’t be discouraged from using them as they bring many benefits. Positive Effects on Teenagers That it provides a sense of security for teenagers as well as their parents, is one of the prominent argument that is put forth by those in favor of cell phones. You will seldom come across someone who doesn’t understand the importance of cell phones or who hasn’t used his/her cell phone in times of emergency. It is this convenience of reaching each other, both for teens and their parents in emergency situations, which makes cell phone one of the most important devices in the world today. At the same time, the recently launched handsets with GPS on board are also of great help, considering that the parents can now keep a track of their child’s whereabouts by tracing his cell phone in real time. Not to forget, cell phones have also given a boost to social networking by giving teenagers the ability to reach out to more people. Negative Effects on Teenagers While terms like safety and connectedness may give the rising trend of cell phone use by teenagers a thumbs up, there are quite a few negative aspects of the same which have put it under the scanner of late. For instance, studies reveal that those teenagers who are addicted to cell phones are prone to sleep disturbances, anxiety and depression. Other than these psychological problems, the use of cell phones is also known to come heavy  on our eyes and thumb in form of repetitive strain injuries – which are similar to those injuries that are caused as a result of using the computer for extended hours on a regular basis. Even though the researchers are divided on this, there do exist some studies which associate cell phone use with brain tumor and low sperm count. While cell phones may improve socialization for teenagers, it restricts the kind of people that these teens come across and widens the gap between them and their parents. Distracted driving is by far the worst of the various negative effects of using a cell phone, with thousands of accidents – mainly those involving teenagers, being attributed to the very trend of attending calls or texting while driving. At the same time, the critics also highlight the fact that the device which was predominantly devised for communication and entertainment is also being used for a lot more than that of late, and accessing pornography is just one of these activities. Initially, it was the computer that was the main source of banned pornographic material for teenagers, but the advent of multimedia cell phones has made it a lot easier for these teens to access pornographic material which ethically they shouldn’t. Similarly, sexual harassment in form of sexting – sending lewd messages, or making porn videos and circulating them, is also on rise. While cyber bullying has been one of the most talked about issues related to Internet use, a relatively ne w but similar concept referred to as ‘text bullying’ is slowly gaining steam especially in school environment. All these arguments and counterarguments has made this topic one of the heated subjects of debate of late. The argument on safety is no doubt justified, but that happens to be one of the very few positive effects of cell phone use – especially with the negative effects of this practice existing in plenty. Overuse or abuse of cell phones cannot be justified at all. It is this blatant abuse of cell phones by individuals belonging to the age group of 13-18 that has put it under the knife for all the wrong reasons. At the end of the day, technology can be of great help when used in correct manner – its misuse, on the other hand, can spell disaster for the user. Negative effects: Physical- mobile phones can affect you, such as brain damage. Mental-mobile phones could interrupt studies. Emotional-mobile phones could cause to phone bullying. Social-the wrong person could get hold of mobile number, so be careful. My objectives are to gather information related to my question, to learn more about mobiles phones having an effect on our youth today. I will carry out my research by exploring the internet, researching books and I will also ask other people what they think about the question for my project. History About Hexagonal call technology When mobile phones were first introduced to the public they had used a technology called the hexagonal cell. Hexagonal cell had enabled the first mobile phone to work, this was developed by Bell Labs. â€Å"Hexagonal technology allowed mobile phones to be used while on the move, this was done by transmitting wireless signals from one tower to another†. This technology had enabled mobile phones to gain reception from anywhere when on the move, this works by the mobile phones transmitting phone signals to the nearest tower to you but when on the move it does this quicker and it is always moving to other towers to get good reception for phones. Good effects of using a mobile phone Travel Safety It is a good idea to let a family member or friend know where you are, where you are going next, and when you arrive. This is good for teenagers to let there parents know if they are alright. Traffic Problems A mobile phone is handy to have to inform the person that you are late and you could come to an arrangement about the time you will arrive. Accidents When we least expect it, accidents happen. Some can be minor accidents and some can be major accidents. If the accident is bad and you need to call for help such as an ambulance to come and help you. This is a big help and you can call for help by using a mobile phone and the call is for free. Staying in Touch Having a mobile phone gives you a privilege to stay in touch with people all over the world with a simple phone call or a text message. Teenagers are always on the phone to there friends. Finding Your Way If Lost This can happen to any of us, a mobile phone could help us get out of this. A mobile phone will allow you to make a call of your choice and you could ring a person to help you make your way back to wherever you want to go. This is good way to help out teenagers if they don’t know there way around. In Case of Emergency In case of an emergency a mobile phone is really useful to have, if you are in trouble with anything use your mobile phone to call 999, this is a free call but this is only to be called if in an emergency. If teenagers carry around a mobile phone they are more likely to be safer then not having one because this mobile phone will allow them to call the police if in trouble with anything. Bad effects of using a mobile phone Addiction Using mobile phones a lot can lead to addiction, especially to teenagers, as wasting time on communicating with people via text messages and phone calls. Auto Accidents Talking or sending SMS text messages on a mobile phone while driving is proven to be as dangerous as driving under the influence of alcohol. Sleep Loss Mobile phones cause’s teens and young adults to lose sleep, finding it difficult falling and staying asleep, this could increased stress and fatigue. Increased Expenses Mobile phone usage is expensive and can easily lead you to keep buying credit which can cause a lot of money if addicted, this could cause high stress levels. Environmental Effects Improper disposal of cell phones and their batteries can release harmful, non-biodegradable chemicals into the environment. Brain Damage Some Pros Are as following: – Parents can be in touch with their children and know their whereabouts. – Your kids can reach you in the event of an emergency and vice versa. – If in danger, your children can reach the authorities or a medical provider. – Phones can be silenced during class or study periods and active only in appropriate places. – Students can take pictures of class projects to e-mail or show to parents. Ordinarily, parents do not see projects that are completed in groups in school. – Students can text message missed assignments to classmates that are absent. A buddy system can be put into place. – Many cell phones are equipped with calculators-plenty of new math curricula encourage the use of a calculator when problem-solving. A student should become accustomed to having a calculator handy for both homework and real life math applications. Con’s of Cellular Usage – They disrupt the class with noises from the phone and ringtones and you can text other students during class and not pay attention. – Some groups have raised concern, for example, over the possibility of brain tumors, headaches, and dizziness. Others suggest that cell phone usage may have caused some reproductive effects in both males and females.